Optimizing Western blotting immunodetection: Streamlining antibody cocktails for reduced protocol time and enhanced multiplexing applications.

Adaptive, rather than innate, immunity relies mainly on antigen-antibody recognition. This recognition is driven by the binding of specific antibody paratopes to distinct epitopes found on antigens. This interaction is pivotal for immune responses that have been re-purposed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Potential Candidate Genes for Therapeutic Targeting in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Pilot Study.

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a prevalent hematological malignancy known for the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and activation of the BCR-Abl kinase activity. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors are widely used as the standard treatment, resistance remains a concern among certain patients. This study aimed to investigate the gene expression profile of a group of CML patients in comparison to a control group in order to identify novel candidate genes associated with the disease.

Clinical chemistry laboratory test overuse in a cardiology clinic: a single-center study.

Diagnostic laboratory tests are frequently overused in healthcare entities, leading to an increased strain on laboratory resources, additional workload, and wastage of resources. Continuous monitoring of test ordering behavior is crucial to evaluate clinical necessity. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the necessity of ordering clinical chemistry tests in the cardiology clinic of a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.

The impact of gene Thr715Pro polymorphism on sP-selectin level and association with cardiovascular disease in Saudi diabetic patients: A cross-sectional case-control study.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increased soluble sP-selectin and 715Thr > Pro polymorphism were studied in CVD and T2DM, but association between them hasn't been explored in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to assess sP-selectin levels in T2DM and T2DM-associated CVD patients in comparison to healthy control cohort.

Whole-transcriptome bioinformatics revealed , , and as novel targets in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterised by heterogeneous genomic signatures that vary among different patient groups. Hence, the current study aims to conduct a whole transcriptome analysis of a female patient with AML and a family history of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Genetic profiling has a useful impact on clinical management and treatment success of the disease as the complex genetic landscape of AML and differential responses to treatment might indicate inadequate therapeutic targeting.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Signatures of Exon 18 in Eastern Saudi Patients Previously Diagnosed with Type 1 von Willebrand Disease.

Introduction: von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most prevalent bleeding disease, which is associated with either low levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) or abnormality in its structure. Three types of the disease have been described; type 1 (VWD1) and 3 (VWD3) are caused by deficiency of VWF and type 2 (VWD2) is caused by production of defective VWF. The aim of the current study was to characterize gene variants of gene; exon 18 in particular, in a cohort of Saudi families as well as healthy control subjects.

Incidence and assessment of demography-related risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective analysis.

Background & Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health challenge and is endemic in many countries including Saudi Arabia. The disease is a major health concern in the Kingdom because of its dynamic population as resident expatriates are mainly from high TB burdened countries and the mass influx of pilgrims every year in peak seasons for Umrah and Hajj. The objective of the current study was to evaluate pulmonary TB incidence rates and conclude the potential high-risk patients to highlight the burdened regions in Saudi Arabia for the health authorities, which could help to establish policies of infection control as necessary.

, , and as potential novel targets in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a blood cancer with a heterogeneous genomic landscape. This study aimed to mine bioinformatics data generated by RNA sequencing to unveil an AML case transcriptome profile and identify novel therapeutic targets and markers. In this study, we have determined the transcriptomic profile and analysed gene variants of an AML patient at the time of diagnosis and validated some genes by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Oral Intragastric DMBA Administration Induces Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Tumors in Male Wistar Rats.

Background: Animal models of blood cancer are important tools to study these malignancies and also screen for novel therapeutic agents. Evidence from past research on the carcinogenic properties of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA) was provided by a handful of studies. However, recent literature on DMBA carcinogenic activity and the underlying mechanisms is scarce.

A 20-year retrospective clinical analysis of Candida infections in tertiary centre: Single-center experience.

Introduction: Fungal infections have risen exponentially in the last decade. In fact, candidiasis has become the most frequent type of hospital acquired infection especially in patients receiving treatment for chronic and terminal illnesses in a hospital. A retrospective analysis for a period of twenty year was undertaken to analyze the incidence rate of candidiasis, especially of Candida species, patients treated in a tertiary care center.

Simple statistical insights into the COVID-19 data of Saudi Arabia: figures prior to vaccination campaign.

COVID-19, the disease caused by the newly emerging coronavirus, SARS-COV2, is still a major health burden worldwide as it continues to spread rapidly in many countries after being contained for a while. The aim of the study was to analyze the official current disease estimates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to anticipate future risks and needs. Publicly available COVID-19 data published by the Saudi Ministry of Health were analyzed to extract statistical estimates of the disease.

RNA sequencing identified novel target genes for in breast and colon cancer cells.

exhibits numerous beneficial effects. In the current study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of four different extracts of (polar and non-polar extracts of fruit powder and fibers) on the proliferation of human colon cancer (HCT116), human breast cancer (MCF-7), and human ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3 and OVCAR-4) cell lines. RNA sequencing revealed the influence of the effective fraction on the gene expression profiles of responsive cells.

AMPK Activation of Apoptotic Markers in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines with Different p53 Backgrounds: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and T47D Cells.

Background: Downregulation of AMPK has been established as a major contributor to carcinogenesis in many types of human cancer. We sought to investigate the influence of activated AMPK on apoptotic markers in human breast cancer cells differing in their p53 status, as well as estrogen receptor status (MCF-7 (p53+ and ER+), MDA-MB-231 (p53 mutant and ER-) and T47D (p53 mutant and ER+)).

Methods: We examined the effect of AICAR-activated AMPK on PARP cleavage, Bax redistribution, the involvement of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis using selective caspase inhibitors and cell cycle progression and p21 levels.

Staurosporine alleviates cisplatin chemoresistance in human cancer cell models by suppressing the induction of SQSTM1/p62.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Platinum‑based chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin are the first line of treatment for many types of cancers. However, the development of cisplatin resistance after prolonged treatment is a common cause of cancer recurrence.

Interferon regulatory factor 1 inactivation in human cancer.

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a group of closely related proteins collectively referred to as the IRF family. Members of this family were originally recognized for their roles in inflammatory responses; however, recent research has suggested that they are also involved in tumor biology. This review focusses on current knowledge of the roles of IRF-1 and IRF-2 in human cancer, with particular attention paid to the impact of IRF-1 inactivation.

Novel IRF-1 Mutations in a Small Cohort of Leukaemia Patients From Saudi Arabia.

Involvement of the Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1) gene in regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation made it a potential target in cancer research. IRF-1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene, and is inactivated in chronic (CML) and non-chronic myelogenous leukemia (non-CML). In the light of numerous reports on genetic changes in the noncoding region of the IRF-1 gene, this study aimed to explore possible genomic changes in coding and non-coding regions of IRF-1 in a random sample of leukemic Saudi patients, in order to obtain insights into potential impact of genetic changes on clinicopathological characteristics.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in children after neonatal arterial switch operation.

Objectives: Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) after neonatal arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a clinically recognised entity with an estimated incidence of 0.6%-1.0%.

Developmental Phases of Anticancer Screening Models.

The development of new screening models for cancer therapy is indispensable for the improvement of cancer treatment, and for the creation of alternative possibilities in the field of chemotherapy. Screening models are routinely used to reduce the cost and resources involved in anticancer drug development. The value of any screening model will ultimately be ascertained by its ability to reliably predict the clinical response.

The anti-oncogenic influence of ellagic acid on colon cancer cells in leptin-enriched microenvironment.

Ellagic acid (EA) has been proposed as a promising candidate for therapeutic use in colon cancer. Investigation of the effectiveness of EA in a leptin-enriched model might have been given a little interest. Here in, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of EA in the presence of leptin to reflect on therapeutic use of EA in obesity-linked colon cancer.

Impact of Cellular Genetic Make-up on Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines Response to Ellagic Acid: Implications of Small Interfering RNA.

Background: K-Ras activation is an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis and associated mutations have been reported in about 40% of colorectal cancer patients. These mutations have always been responsible for enhancing malignancy and silencing them is associated with attenuation of tumorigenicity. Among downstream effectors are the RAF/MEK/ERK and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Differential crosstalk between the AMPK and PI3K/Akt pathways in breast cancer cells of differing genotypes: Leptin inhibits the effectiveness of AMPK activation.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a sensor of cellular energy, is widely reported as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of breast and other cancers. The activated enzyme has been shown to be a promising anti-proliferative agent in breast cancer cell lines. However, little data exist on crosstalk between AMPK and the cellular survival axis of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the impact of microenvironment on cellular responses to AMPK activation.

Proximal aortic stiffness is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus activity in children and adolescents.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are prone to premature atherosclerosis and are at risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. Increased arterial stiffness is emerging as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Purpose.

N-Terminal proBNP Levels and Tissue Doppler Echocardiography in Acute Rheumatic Carditis.

Background. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a leading cause of heart failure in children and young adults worldwide. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a useful marker of critical pediatric heart disease, and its N-terminal peptide, NT-proBNP, is elevated in congenital and acquired heart disease in children.