Seasonal Prevalence and Detection of Enteric and Respiratory Viruses in Wastewater and Hospitalized Children with Acute Gastroenteritis.

Human enteric and some respiratory viruses are identified to be involved with acute gastroenteritis that can be shed in feces of infected persons into the environment. Understanding the abundance of these viruses in wastewater is significant when assessing the public health impacts associated with discharge of wastewater into the environment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and seasonal variation of human enteric adenovirus (HAdV), Aichi virus (AiV-1), bocavirus (HBoV), and respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater as well as their prevalence among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis.

Detection and quantification of adenovirus, polyomavirus, and papillomavirus in urban sewage.

The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence and seasonal frequency of human adenovirus (HAdV), human polyomavirus (HPyV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) in urban sewage. The detection of these viruses was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then the viral concentrations in the positive samples were quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additionally, HAdV and HPyV genotyping was also performed by PCR.

Silver and gold nanoparticles: Eco-friendly synthesis, antibiofilm, antiviral, and anticancer bioactivities.

For the first time in this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were green synthesized by the cost-effective and eco-friendly procedure using Cotton seed meal and Fodder yeast extracts. The biosynthesized NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the biosynthesized NPs were tested against biofilm formation by some pathogenic negative bacteria ( and ) and negative bacteria () as well as against human denovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5) and anticancer activity using HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells.

The first detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urban wastewater in Giza, Egypt.

The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Individuals with COVID-19 can shed the viral genome in their feces, even if they do not have symptoms, and the virus can be detected in wastewater. The current study provides the first surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome in the wastewater in Egypt.

Quantitative RT-PCR detection of human noroviruses and hepatitis A virus in fresh produce and surface water used for irrigation in the Mansoura and Giza regions, Egypt.

Surface water used as an irrigation source can be a significant source of viral contamination of fresh produce. Enteric viruses such as hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus genogroup I (HNoV GI) and genogroup II (HNoV GII) can be transmitted to human via fresh produce when irrigated with contaminated water or when prepared by infected food handlers. In the current study, we investigated the presence of HAV, HNoV GI and GII in fresh produce and surface water used in cultivation of this produce using real-time PCR.

Uses of Bacteriophages as Bacterial Control Tools and Environmental Safety Indicators.

Bacteriophages are bacterial-specific viruses and the most abundant biological form on Earth. Each bacterial species possesses one or multiple bacteriophages and the specificity of infection makes them a promising alternative for bacterial control and environmental safety, as a biotechnological tool against pathogenic bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics. This application can be either directly into foods and food-related environments as biocontrol agents of biofilm formation.

Potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using low active mosquitocidal as novel antimicrobial agents.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using extracellular filtrates of some (Ls) strains under simple conditions. Ls synthesized AgNPs showed the optical absorption peaks at 388-412 nm as detected by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Transmission electron micrographs of bacterial synthesized AgNPs revealed that they were polycrystalline with spherical, hexagonal, cuboidal, rod and irregular shapes.

Quantitative Detection of Human Adenovirus and Human Rotavirus Group A in Wastewater and El-Rahawy Drainage Canal Influencing River Nile in the North of Giza, Egypt.

Environmental monitoring is critical in a developing country like Egypt where there is an insufficient framework for recording and tracking outbreaks. In this study, the prevalence of human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus group A (RVA) was determined in urban sewage, activated sludge, drainage water, drainage sediment, Nile water, and Nile sediment, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. HAdV was detected in 50% of urban sewage with viral concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 genome copies/liter (GC/L), 33% of activated sludge with viral concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 GC/kilogram (GC/kg), 95% of drainage water with viral concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 GC/L, 75% of drainage sediment with viral concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 GC/L, 50% of Nile water with viral concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 GC/L, and 45% of Nile sediment with viral concentrations ranging from 10 to 10 GC/kg.

Environmental monitoring of Aichi virus and human bocavirus in samples from wastewater treatment plant, drain, and River Nile in Egypt.

Wastewater plays a major role in water pollution causing transmission of several viral pathogens, including Aichi virus (AiV) and human bocavirus (HBoV), associated with gastrointestinal illness in humans. In this study, we investigated the presence of AiV and HBoV in aquatic, sludge, sediment matrices collected from Abu-Rawash wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), El-Rahawy drain, Rosetta branch of the River Nile in Egypt by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). AiV RNA was detected in 16.

Multi-bioactive silver nanoparticles synthesized using mosquitocidal Bacilli and their characterization.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using cell-free filtrates of some mosquitocidal Bacilli. They showed the optical absorption peaks at 386-412 nm. They were polycrystalline spherical, hexagonal, cuboidal, rod and anisotropic shapes as detected by TEM.

Quantitative PCR-based identification of enteric viruses contaminating fresh produce and surface water used for irrigation in Egypt.

Fresh produce irrigated with surface water that may contain pathogens such as enteric viruses can lead to outbreaks of foodborne viral illnesses. In the current study, we performed real-time PCR (qPCR) to monitor the presence of enteric viruses such as human adenoviruses (HAdVs), hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus group A (RVA), and norovirus GI (NoV GI) in surface water and fresh produce that were grown using this surface water in Egypt. Samples were collected on four occasions from different sites located in the Delta and in Greater Cairo, Egypt.

Molecular detection of human adenovirus in urban wastewater in Egypt and among children suffering from acute gastroenteritis.

Incidence of enteric viruses in sewage, the efficacy of wastewater treatment plants to remove these viruses, and health effects from their release into the surface water are very important environmental issues in the microbiology field. One of the most pathogenic enteric viruses is adenovirus which can cause a serious disease such as gastroenteritis with low grade fever and mild dehydration in humans. In this study we performed qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of HAdV on 60 stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to Abu-Rish hospital and 96 environmental samples (32 raw sewage, 32 treated sewage, 32 sewage sludge) collected from Zenin wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).

New 4-phenylcoumarin derivatives as potent 3C protease inhibitors: Design, synthesis, anti-HAV effect and molecular modeling.

A new series of 4-phenylcoumarin derivatives was synthesized starting from (2-oxo-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-7-yloxy) acetic acid hydrazide 3. Evaluation of the target compounds for their antiviral activity against hepatitis A virus revealed that the ethylthiosemicarbazide derivative 7b was the most potent virucidal agent (IC = 3.1 μg/ml, TI = 83).