Risk factors for reflex syncope in the British Army.

Introduction: Reflex syncope in the UK Armed Forces is reportedly higher than comparable militaries and civilian populations and is significantly more common in soldiers who take part in State Ceremonial and Public Duties (SCPD) compared with other British Army service personnel (SP). This study aimed to investigate individual susceptibility factors for syncope in soldiers who regularly take part in SCPD.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in 200 soldiers who perform SCPD.

Reflex syncope in the UK Armed Forces.

Introduction: Reflex syncope is the most common subtype of syncope and, despite not being associated with increased mortality, often results in significant morbidity and costly diagnostics. Reflex syncope can be of concern for certain occupational groups and may be exacerbated by some occupations. Reflex syncope in the military is anecdotally common but the extent in the UK Armed Forces (UKAF) is unknown.

Implementation evaluation of pre-hospital blood collection in regional Australia: a mixed methods study.

Background: In response to increasing emergency department presentations and wait times in Australia, multiple strategies and models of care have been implemented with varying results. One effective strategy has been the implementation of pre-hospital blood collection by paramedics when they insert an intravenous cannula. This research aims to determine the efficiency of and barriers to wider implementation of a pre-hospital blood collection trial in a regional context.

The effectiveness and safety of conservative interventions for positional plagiocephaly and congenital muscular torticollis: a synthesis of systematic reviews and guidance.

Aim: To investigate for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and positional plagiocephaly (PP) the effectiveness and safety of manual therapy, repositioning and helmet therapy (PP only) using a systematic review of systematic reviews and national guidelines.

Methods: We searched four major relevant databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and MANTIS for research studies published between the period 1999-2019. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews that analysed results from multiple studies and guidelines that used evidence and expert opinion to recommend treatment and care approaches.

Comparison of common interventions for the treatment of infantile colic: a systematic review of reviews and guidelines.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of systematic reviews and national guidelines to assess the effectiveness of four treatment approaches (manual therapy, probiotics, proton pump inhibitors and simethicone) on colic symptoms including infant crying time, sleep distress and adverse events.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Mantis for studies published between 2009 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews and guidelines that used evidence and expert panel opinion.

Manual therapy for unsettled, distressed and excessively crying infants: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the effect of manual therapy interventions for healthy but unsettled, distressed and excessively crying infants and to provide information to help clinicians and parents inform decisions about care.

Methods: We reviewed published peer-reviewed primary research articles in the last 26 years from nine databases (Medline Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Osteopathic Medicine Digital Repository , Cochrane (all databases), Index of Chiropractic Literature, Open Access Theses and Dissertations and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). Our inclusion criteria were: manual therapy (by regulated or registered professionals) of unsettled, distressed and excessively crying infants who were otherwise healthy and treated in a primary care setting.

The association between infantile postural asymmetry and unsettled behaviour in babies.

Unlabelled: Unsettled infant behaviour is a common problem of infancy without known aetiology or clearly effective management. Some manual therapists propose that musculoskeletal dysfunction contributes to unsettled infant behaviour, yet reported improvement following treatment is anecdotal. The infantile postural asymmetry measurement scale is a tool which measures infantile asymmetry, a form of musculoskeletal dysfunction.

Transition to propofol after sevoflurane anesthesia to prevent emergence agitation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common behavioral disturbance after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Propofol 1 mg · kg(-1) bolus at the end of sevoflurane anesthesia has had mixed results in reducing the incidence of EA, whereas propofol infusion throughout anesthesia maintenance seems effective but is more complex to administer. If a simple, short transition to propofol anesthesia was found to be effective in reducing EA, this could enhance the recovery of children following sevoflurane anesthesia.

Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children.

Background: Sevoflurane is an inhaled volatile anaesthetic that is widely used in paediatric anaesthetic practice. Since its introduction, postoperative behavioural disturbance known as emergence agitation (EA) or emergence delirium (ED) has been recognized as a problem that may occur during recovery from sevoflurane anaesthesia. For the purpose of this systematic review, EA has been used to describe this clinical entity.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler syndrome) and anesthesia: the impact of bone marrow transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, and fiberoptic intubation on airway management.

Aim: To assess the effect of bone marrow transplantation (BMT), enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), and a fiberoptic endotracheal intubation technique in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I, Hurler syndrome).

Background: The mucopolysaccharidoses are inherited metabolic conditions with a well-documented association with difficult airway management. We present the largest series to date of patients with Hurler syndrome (MPS I) and look at the impact of new treatments, such as BMT and ERT, on anesthesia and airway management.

The management of difficult intubation in children.

This article looks at the current techniques and equipment recommended for the management of the difficult intubation scenario in pediatric practice. We discuss the general considerations including preoperative preparation, the preferred anesthetic technique and the use of both rigid laryngoscopic and fiberoptic techniques for intubation. The unanticipated scenario is also discussed.

Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in eclampsia: a series of 12 cases.

The object of this study was to assess the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect the cerebral abnormalities associated with eclampsia and therefore to establish its place in our management of the condition. This study was of particular relevance to our institution because eclampsia is common in our patient population. This was a prospective study in which 13 patients with an initial diagnosis of eclampsia received MRI brain scans.

Outcome and toxicity associated with maximum safe dose radioiodine treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer.

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the outcomes of patients referred to the authors' nuclear medicine service for dosimetric evaluation and treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer with radioiodine I-131. In addition, the incidence and severity of hematologic toxicity associated with treatment were determined.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients referred for dosimetric evaluation was undertaken for the years 1984 to 2000.

A new method to measure thyroid uptake with a gamma camera without routine use of a standard source.

Purpose: This study was designed to validate a reliable gamma camera-based method for measuring thyroid uptake. The method is based on a stable calibration procedure and does not require daily use of a standard source. In addition, the method is designed to overcome deadtime losses inherent in uptake probe measurements with iodine-123.