Comparison of Tertiary Drug Information Resources With the CDC Guideline for Oxycodone Dosing: Are Patients at Risk?

Inappropriate prescribing of opioids is thought to play a central role in the ongoing opioid health crisis. Tertiary information resources are commonly used by clinicians for obtaining opioid dosing information. To assist health care providers in pain management, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a guideline for prescribing opioids.

Passive Immunotherapy Targeting Tau Oligomeric Strains Reverses Tauopathy Phenotypes in Aged Human-Tau Mice in a Mouse Model-Specific Manner.

Background: Tau oligomers are one of the most toxic species, displaying prion-like strains which have different conformations resulting in different tauopathies. Passive immunotherapy targeting different tau species is a promising therapeutic approach. Age is one of the greatest risk factors; however, most immunotherapy studies are done in young to middle-aged mice tauopathy models, which is not representative of the many clinical trials done with older humans with established tauopathies.

Tau Modulates mRNA Transcription, Alternative Polyadenylation Profiles of hnRNPs, Chromatin Remodeling and Spliceosome Complexes.

Tau protein is a known contributor in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It is well-established that tau forms pathological aggregates and fibrils in these diseases. Tau has been observed within the nuclei of neurons, but there is a gap in understanding regarding the mechanism by which tau modulates transcription.

TDP-43 and Tau Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Frontotemporal Dementia.

Proteinaceous aggregates are major hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases. Aggregates of post-translationally modified transactive response (TAR)-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are characteristic features in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent studies have also reported TDP-43 aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Patient preferences when searching for clinical trials and adherence of study records to ClinicalTrials.gov guidance in key registry data fields.

ClinicalTrials.gov was started with the intention to create a consumer-friendly database for patients and others in search of information on clinical trials. However, there is no research on whether the content of ClinicalTrials.

Internalization mechanisms of brain-derived tau oligomers from patients with Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Tau aggregates propagate in brain cells and transmit to neighboring cells as well as anatomically connected brain regions by prion-like mechanisms. Soluble tau aggregates (tau oligomers) are the most toxic species that initiate neurodegeneration in tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Exogenous tau aggregates have been shown to be internalized by brain cells; however, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the internalization of tau oligomers (TauO) remain elusive.

Toxic Tau Oligomers Modulated by Novel Curcumin Derivatives.

The pathological aggregation and accumulation of tau, a microtubule-associated protein, is a common feature amongst more than 18 different neurodegenerative diseases that are collectively known as tauopathies. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the soluble and hydrophobic tau oligomers are highly toxic in vitro due to their capacity towards seeding tau misfolding, thereby propagating the tau pathology seen across different neurodegenerative diseases. Modulating the aggregation state of tau oligomers through the use of small molecules could be a useful therapeutic strategy to target their toxicity, regardless of other factors involved in their formation.

Neurotoxic tau oligomers after single versus repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury accounts for the majority of head injuries and has been correlated with neurodegeneration and dementia. While repetitive mild traumatic brain injury is highly correlated to neurodegeneration, the correlation of a single mild traumatic brain injury with neurodegeneration is still unclear. Because tau aggregates are the main form of mild traumatic brain injury induced pathology, toxic forms of tau protein most likely play a role in the development of post-mild traumatic brain injury neurodegeneration.

Tau oligomers mediate aggregation of RNA-binding proteins Musashi1 and Musashi2 inducing Lamin alteration.

The exact mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies are not yet entirely understood. However, it is known that several RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) form toxic aggregates and also interact with tau in such granules in tauopathies, including AD. The Musashi (MSI) family of RBPs, consisting of two homologues: Musashi1 and Musashi2, have not been extensively investigated in neurodegenerative diseases.

Soluble tau aggregates, not large fibrils, are the toxic species that display seeding and cross-seeding behavior.

Several studies have proposed that fibrillary aggregates of tau and other amyloidogenic proteins are neurotoxic and result in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. However, these studies usually involve sonication or extrusion through needles before experimentation. As a consequence, these methods may fragment large aggregates producing a mixture of aggregated species rather than intact fibrils.

Effect of Ethanolamines on the Electroless Deposition of Copper on Functionalized Organic Surfaces.

Electroless deposition (ELD) is widely used in industry to deposit metals because it is inexpensive and compatible with organic materials. The deposition rate and deposited film properties critically depend on the reducing agent, complexing agent, and bath pH and temperature as well as bath additives. We have investigated the role of ethanolamine additives in the ELD of copper using the reducing agent dimethylamine borane on -CH- and -OH-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) adsorbed on gold.

Characterization of natural photonic crystals in iridescent wings of damselfly Chalcopteryx rutilans by FIB/SEM, TEM, and TOF-SIMS.

The iridescent wings of the Chalcopterix rutilans damselfly (Rambur) (Odonata, Polythoridae) are investigated with focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The electron microscopy images reveal a natural photonic crystal as the source of the varying colors. The photonic crystal has a consistent number and thickness (∼195 nm) of the repeat units on the ventral side of the wing, which is consistent with the red color visible from the bottom side of the wing in all regions.

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold.

Visible-light irradiation of phthalimide esters in the presence of the photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)] and the stoichiometric reducing agent benzyl nicotinamide results in the formation of alkyl radicals under mild conditions. This approach to radical generation has proven useful for the synthesis of small organic molecules. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the visible-light photosensitized deposition of robust alkyl thin films on Au surfaces using phthalimide esters as the alkyl radical precursors.

Assessing the use of artificial substrates to monitor Gambierdiscus populations in the Florida Keys.

Four distinct coastal locations were sampled on a monthly basis near Long Key (Florida Keys, USA) over a 13-month period to study Gambierdiscus population dynamics on different substrates, including four macrophyte species (Dictyota spp., Halimeda spp., Laurencia spp.

Correction: Facile synthesis of stable, water soluble, dendron-coated gold nanoparticles.

Correction for 'Facile synthesis of stable, water soluble, dendron-coated gold nanoparticles' by Alan E. Enciso, et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 3128-3132.

Role of the Reducing Agent in the Electroless Deposition of Copper on Functionalized SAMs.

Metallized organic layer constructs have a wide range of technological applications. Electroless deposition is an attractive technique by which to deposit metal overlayers because it is inexpensive and can be performed at low temperatures, compatible with organic materials. Amine borane reducing agents are versatile and are capable of depositing metals, semiconductors, and even insulators.

Facile synthesis of stable, water soluble, dendron-coated gold nanoparticles.

Upon reduction with sodium borohydride, diazonium tetrachloroaurate salts of triazine dendrons yield dendron-coated gold nanoparticles connected by a gold-carbon bond. These robust nanoparticles are stable in water and toluene solutions for longer than one year and present surface groups that can be reacted to change surface chemistry and manipulate solubility. Molecular modeling was used to provide insight on the hydration of the nanoparticles and their observed solubilties.

From Nanowires to Nanopores: A Versatile Method for Electroless Deposition of Nanostructures on Micropatterned Organic Substrates.

We demonstrate a fast, flexible, parallel, and highly controllable method by which to synthesize a variety of nanoscale and mesoscale structures. This method addresses one of the most significant challenges in nanoscience: the in situ parallel placement and synthesis of nano-objects over the mesoscale. The method is based on electroless nanowire deposition on micropatterned substrates (ENDOM).

Athletic pubalgia and associated rehabilitation.

Background: Evaluation and treatment of groin pain in athletes is challenging. The anatomy is complex, and multiple pathologies often coexist. Different pathologies may cause similar symptoms, and many systems can refer pain to the groin.

Growth velocity reduced with once-daily fluticasone furoate nasal spray in prepubescent children with perennial allergic rhinitis.

Background: The effect of fluticasone furoate nasal spray (FFNS) on growth in prepubescent children has not been evaluated.

Objective: To characterize the difference in mean prepubescent growth velocities, as determined by stadiometry, between patients treated continuously for 1 year with FFNS 110 mcg once daily and placebo nasal spray.

Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group 76-week safety study.

Efficacy and safety of fluticasone furoate 100 μg and 200 μg once daily in the treatment of moderate-severe asthma in adults and adolescents: a 24-week randomised study.

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids are a mainstay of therapy for persistent asthma, but suboptimal adherence with twice-daily use is widespread. Fluticasone furoate (FF) is a new inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) suitable for once-daily dosing in asthma. This study was performed to descriptively assess the efficacy and safety of two doses of FF, with no planned formal statistical hypothesis testing.

Characteristics and long-term follow-up of participants with peripheral arterial disease during ALLHAT.

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Little is known about relative efficacy of antihypertensive treatments for preventing PAD.

Objectives: To compare, by randomized treatment groups, hospitalized or revascularized PAD rates and subsequent morbidity and mortality among participants in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lower Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT).

Partially fluorinated oxo-alkoxide tungsten(VI) complexes as precursors for deposition of WOx nanomaterials.

The partially fluorinated oxo-alkoxide tungsten(VI) complexes WO(OR)4 [4; R = C(CH3)2CF3, 5; R = C(CH3)(CF3)2] have been synthesized as precursors for chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of WOx nanocrystalline material. Complexes 4 and 5 were prepared by salt metathesis between sodium salts of the fluoroalkoxides and WOCl4. Crystallographic structure analysis allows comparison of the bonding in 4 and 5 as the fluorine content of the fluoroalkoxide ligands is varied.

Longitudinal monitoring of sex steroid hormones in excrement of spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri).

From the 1970s to the 1990s, the breeding population of spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri) in western Alaska declined by 96%, which led to the listing of this species as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1993. Since then, the population has stabilized, but has not recovered to pre-decline numbers. While little is known about reproductive endocrinology in spectacled eiders, in other avian species, estrogen and testosterone are known to initiate and modulate various reproductive processes including yolk protein synthesis, reproductive behaviors and secondary sex characteristics.

Efficacy and safety of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol compared with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination in adult and adolescent patients with persistent asthma: a randomized trial.

Background: The combination of fluticasone furoate (FF), a novel inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), and vilanterol (VI), a long-acting β2 agonist, is under development as a once-daily treatment of asthma and COPD. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of FF/VI with fluticasone propionate (FP)/salmeterol (SAL) in patients with persistent asthma uncontrolled on a medium dose of ICS.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group study, 806 patients received FF/VI (100/25 μg, n = 403) once daily in the evening delivered through ELLIPTA (GlaxoSmithKline) dry powder inhaler, or FP/SAL (250/50 μg, n = 403) bid through DISKUS/ACCUHALER (GlaxoSmithKline).