What drives wild pig (Sus scrofa) movement in bottomland and upland forests?

Background: The wild pig (Sus scrofa) is an exotic species that has been present in the southeastern United States for centuries yet continues to expand into new areas dominated by bottomland and upland forests, the latter of which are less commonly associated with wild pigs. Here, we aimed to investigate wild pig movement and space use attributes typically used to guide wild pig management among multiple spatiotemporal scales. Our investigation focused on a newly invaded landscape dominated by bottomland and upland forests.

Online Food Security Discussion Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Community Groups and Organizations: Content Analysis of Facebook Posts.

Background: The Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) population experiences disproportionately higher rates of food insecurity, which is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, when compared to white individuals. Novel and effective approaches that address food insecurity are needed for the NHPI population, particularly in areas of the continental United States, which is a popular migration area for many NHPI families. Social media may serve as an opportune setting to reduce food insecurity and thus the risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases among NHPI people; however, it is unclear if and how food insecurity is discussed in online communities targeting NHPI individuals.

Why a clinical trial is as good as its outcome measure: A framework for the selection and use of cognitive outcome measures for clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease.

A crucial aspect of any clinical trial is using the right outcome measure to assess treatment efficacy. Compared to the rapidly evolved understanding and measurement of pathophysiology in preclinical and early symptomatic stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), relatively less progress has been made in the evolution of clinical outcome assessments (COAs) for those stages. The current paper aims to provide a benchmark for the design and evaluation of COAs for use in early AD trials.

Corrigendum: Relacorilant, a Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator, Induces Clinical Improvements in Patients With Cushing Syndrome: Results From A Prospective, Open-Label Phase 2 Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.

Distribution patterns of rDNA loci in the - complex (Poaceae).

The - complex of the subtribe Loliinae (Poaceae) includes several economically important forage and turf grasses. This complex encompasses Linnaeus, 1753, Festuca Linnaeus, 1753 subgenus Schedonorus (P. Beauvois, 1824) Petermann, 1849 and Romero Zarco et Cabezudo, 1983.

Scholarship on well-being and social media: A sociotechnical perspective.

Evaluating the well-being implications of social media use is challenging for many reasons, including finding appropriate theoretical and methodological approaches that do not exclusively center either the technology (and its structural features) or the user (and their motivations, psychological disposition, etc.). We argue that many research questions would benefit from a more integrated approach that fully acknowledges both these elements and their mutually constitutive relationship to one another.

Polyploidy on islands - concerted evolution and gene loss amid chromosomal stasis.

Background And Aims: Polyploidy is an important process that often generates genomic diversity within lineages, but it can also cause changes that result in loss of genomic material. Island lineages, while often polyploid, typically show chromosomal stasis but have not been investigated in detail regarding smaller-scale gene loss. Our aim was to investigate post-polyploidization genome dynamics in a chromosomally stable lineage of Malvaceae endemic to New Zealand.

Introgression of Into Allotetraploid White Clover () Using the Ancestral Parent as a Bridging Species.

White clover () is an allotetraploid pasture legume widely used in moist temperate climates, but its vulnerability to drought, grazing pressure and pests has restricted its wider use. A related species, Caucasian clover (), is a potential source of resistances to drought, cold, grazing pressure and pests that could potentially be transferred to white clover by interspecific hybridization. Although direct hybridization has been achieved with difficulty, the hybrids have not been easy to backcross for introgression breeding and no interspecific chromosome recombination has been demonstrated.

Asynapsis and unreduced gamete formation in a Trifolium interspecific hybrid.

Background: Unreduced gametes, a driving force in the widespread polyploidization and speciation of flowering plants, occur relatively frequently in interspecific or intergeneric hybrids. Studies of the mechanisms leading to 2n gamete formation, mainly in the wheat tribe Triticeae have shown that unreductional meiosis is often associated with chromosome asynapsis during the first meiotic division. The present study explored the mechanisms of meiotic nonreduction leading to functional unreduced gametes in an interspecific Trifolium (clover) hybrid with three sub-genomes from T.

Implementation and evaluation of clinical supervision for support workers in a paediatric palliative care setting.

Support workers represent a large proportion of the NHS workforce and yet their supervisory needs are often overlooked. This study focused specifically on a cohort of support workers in a community paediatric palliative care setting. Peer supervision was implemented for this group, initially face to face and then virtually.

Relacorilant, a Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator, Induces Clinical Improvements in Patients With Cushing Syndrome: Results From A Prospective, Open-Label Phase 2 Study.

Introduction/purpose: Relacorilant is a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM) with no progesterone receptor activity. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of relacorilant in patients with endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS).

Materials And Methods: A single-arm, open-label, phase 2, dose-finding study with 2 dose groups (NCT02804750, https://clinicaltrials.

Trial of Sodium Phenylbutyrate-Taurursodiol for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Background: Sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol have been found to reduce neuronal death in experimental models. The efficacy and safety of a combination of the two compounds in persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are not known.

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, we enrolled participants with definite ALS who had had an onset of symptoms within the previous 18 months.

Mechanistic home range analysis reveals drivers of space use patterns for a non-territorial passerine.

Home ranging is a near-ubiquitous phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Understanding the behavioural mechanisms that give rise to observed home range patterns is thus an important general question, and mechanistic home range analysis (MHRA) provides the tools to address it. However, such analysis has hitherto been principally restricted to scent-marking territorial animals, so its potential breadth of application has not been tested.

The Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Composite Cognitive Test: a practical measure for tracking cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Background: There is growing interest in identifying sensitive composite cognitive tests to serve as primary endpoints in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment trials. We reported previously a composite cognitive test score sensitive to tracking preclinical AD decline up to 5 years prior to clinical diagnosis. Here we expand upon and refine this work, empirically deriving a composite cognitive test score sensitive to tracking preclinical AD decline up to 11 years prior to diagnosis and suitable for use as a primary endpoint in a preclinical AD trial.

Understanding occupational engagement for individuals with bariatric needs: The perspectives of Australian Occupational Therapists.

Introduction: Over the last 20 years, the number of individuals affected by obesity in Australia has increased by 56%. The impact of excessive weight gain results in a wide range of physical, psychological and social difficulties, with resultant changes to occupational performance and engagement. For some people within this population, a further consequence of this increasing weight gain contributes to additional difficulties, with the individual being considered to be "bariatric".

Alzheimer's Disease Composite Score: A Post-Hoc Analysis Using Data from the LipiDiDiet Trial in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease.

As research evolves in prodromal AD, the need to validate sufficiently sensitive outcome measures, e.g. the Alzheimer's Disease Composite Score (ADCOMS) is clear.

A Eurasia-wide polyploid species complex involving 6x Trifolium ambiguum, 2x T. occidentale and 4x T. repens produces interspecific hybrids with significance for clover breeding.

Background: Trifolium ambiguum occurs as a 2x, 4x, 6x polyploid series in W Asia. The 6x form is the most agronomically desirable, having strong rhizomatous spread and drought tolerance. These traits would be potentially very valuable if they could be transferred to white clover (T.

Social Media Elements, Ecologies, and Effects.

This review delineates core components of the social media ecosystem, specifying how online platforms complicate established social psychological effects. We assess four pairs of social media elements and effects: profiles and self-presentation; networks and social mobilization; streams and social comparison; and messages and social connectedness. In the process, we describe features and affordances that comprise each element, underscoring the complexity of social media contexts as they shift to a central topic within psychology.

4xTrifolium ambiguum and 2xT. occidentale hybridise despite wide geographic separation and polyploidisation: implications for clover breeding.

The widely divergent species 4xTrifolium ambiguum and 2xT.occidentale are inter-fertile long after speciation (including polyploidisation) has occurred. Tri-species hybrids (T.

Personal and community factors as predictors of different types of community engagement.

Citizen participation is an important element of local democracy because it increases residents' influence over local community issues. Using a sample of 494 Israeli participants, this paper examines, for the first time, the unique and combined contribution of personal factors (self-esteem and mastery) and community factors (years of activity, knowledge of local services, trust in leaders, community commitment, and community belonging) to the explanation of the variance in each of two types of community engagement: development and planning, and activism and advocacy. Data analysis included hierarchical regression that examined all variables and possible interactions among them.

Breaking Free: The Genomics of Allopolyploidy-Facilitated Niche Expansion in White Clover.

The merging of distinct genomes, allopolyploidization, is a widespread phenomenon in plants. It generates adaptive potential through increased genetic diversity, but examples demonstrating its exploitation remain scarce. White clover () is a ubiquitous temperate allotetraploid forage crop derived from two European diploid progenitors confined to extreme coastal or alpine habitats.

Memantine ER Maintains Patient Response in Moderate to Severe Alzheimer's Disease: Post Hoc Analyses From a Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial of Patients Treated With Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

Memantine extended release (ER) significantly outperformed placebo on co-primary endpoints of Clinician's Interview-based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input (CIBIC-Plus) and baseline to endpoint changes on the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) in a 24-week, randomized trial (NCT00322153) in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease taking a cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI). A post hoc analysis compared patients receiving memantine ER/ChEI to placebo/ChEI for time to onset of response and if the response was maintained (achieving improvement at weeks 8, 12, or 18 and maintaining through endpoint/week 24) on the SIB, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), CIBIC-Plus, and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) using Fisher exact test. A second post hoc analysis compared percentages of patients for all possible combinations of 2 to 4 assessments with either no decline or clinically notable response using Wald χ.

Benefits and Costs of Social Media in Adolescence.

In 2015, American adolescents aged 13 to 18 years reported using social media 1 hour and 11 minutes a day, 7 days a week. Social media are used for a variety of activities, including sharing information, interacting with peers, and developing a coherent identity. In this review of the research, we examine how social media are intertwined with adolescent development and assess both the costs and benefits of adolescent social media use.

Fluorescence chromosome banding and FISH mapping in perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.

Background: The unambiguous identification of individual chromosomes is a key part of the genomic characterization of any species. In this respect, the development and application of chromosome banding techniques has revolutionised mammalian and especially, human genomics. However, partly because of the traditional use of chromosome squash preparations, consistent fluorescence banding has rarely been achieved in plants.