Macrocyclic piperazinones as potent dual inhibitors of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I.

A series of macrocyclic piperazinone compounds with dual farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase-I inhibitory activity was prepared. These compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of protein prenylation in cell culture. A hypothesis for the binding mode of compound 3o in FPTase is proposed.

Dual protein farnesyltransferase-geranylgeranyltransferase-I inhibitors as potential cancer chemotherapeutic agents.

A series of novel diaryl ether lactams have been identified as very potent dual inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) and protein geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase-I), enzymes involved in the prenylation of Ras. The structure of the complex formed between one of these compounds and FTase has been determined by X-ray crystallography. These compounds are the first reported to inhibit the prenylation of the important oncogene Ki-Ras4B in vivo.

The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of potent dual inhibitors of farnesyl and geranyl-Geranyl protein transferases.

We have prepared a series of potent, dual inhibitors of the prenyl transferases farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) and geranyl-geranyl protein transferase I (GGPTase). The compounds were shown to possess potent activity against both enzymes in cell culture. Mechanistic analysis has shown that the compounds are CAAX competitive for FPTase inhibition but geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) competitive for GGPTase inhibiton.

3-Aminopyrrolidinone farnesyltransferase inhibitors: design of macrocyclic compounds with improved pharmacokinetics and excellent cell potency.

A series of macrocyclic 3-aminopyrrolidinone farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) has been synthesized. Compared with previously described linear 3-aminopyrrolidinone FTIs such as compound 1, macrocycles such as 49 combined improved pharmacokinetic properties with a reduced potential for side effects. In dogs, oral bioavailability was good to excellent, and increases in plasma half-life were due to attenuated clearance.

Potent inhibitors of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I.

Compound 1 has been shown to be a dual prenylation inhibitor with FPTase (IC50=2 nM) and GGPTase-I (IC50=95 nM). Analogues of 1, which replaced the cyanophenyl group with various biaryls, led to the discovery of highly potent dual FPTase/GGPTase-I inhibitors. 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, trifluoropentynyl, and trifluoropentyl were identified as good p-cyano replacements.

Evaluation of farnesyl:protein transferase and geranylgeranyl:protein transferase inhibitor combinations in preclinical models.

Farnesyl:protein transferase (FPTase) inhibitors (FTIs) were originally developed as potential anticancer agents targeting the ras oncogene and are currently in clinical trials. Whereas FTIs inhibit the farnesylation of Ha-Ras, they do not completely inhibit the prenylation of Ki-Ras, the allele most frequently mutated in human cancers. Whereas farnesylation of Ki-Ras is blocked by FTIs, Ki-Ras remains prenylated in FTI-treated cells because of its modification by the related prenyltransferase, geranylgeranyl:protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I).

LC/MS/MS plasma assay for the peptidomimetic VLA4 antagonist I and its major active metabolite II: for treatment of asthma by inhalation.

In vitro and in animals, I is a potent and specific peptidomimetic for the potential treatment of airway inflammation in the pathogenesis of asthma. Preclinical studies indicated extensive conversion of I to an active metabolite II, and thus, a very sensitive assay for I and II was needed to support an inhalation ascending-dose study in man. The LC/MS/MS plasma/urine assay method (1.

Design and biological activity of (S)-4-(5-([1-(3-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-ylamino]methyl)imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzonitrile, a 3-aminopyrrolidinone farnesyltransferase inhibitor with excellent cell potency.

The synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and biological properties of a novel series of imidazole-containing inhibitors of farnesyltransferase are described. Starting from a 3-aminopyrrolidinone core, a systematic series of modifications provided 5h, a non-thiol, non-peptide farnesyltransferase inhibitor with excellent bioavailability in dogs. Compound 5h was found to have an unusually favorable ratio of cell potency to intrinsic potency, compared with other known FTIs.

Evaluation of amino acid-based linkers in potent macrocyclic inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase.

A series of amino acid-based linkers was used to investigate the effects of various substituents upon the potency, pharmacokinetic properties, and conformation of macrocyclic farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors (FTIs). As a result of the studies described herein, highly potent FTIs with improved pharmacokinetic profiles have been identified.