Open Access Data Repository and Common Data Model for Pulse Oximeter Performance Data.

The OpenOximetry Repository is a structured database storing clinical and lab pulse oximetry data, serving as a centralized repository and data model for pulse oximetry initiatives. It supports measurements of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) by arterial blood gas co-oximetry and pulse oximetry (SpO2), alongside processed and unprocessed photoplethysmography (PPG) data and other metadata. This includes skin color measurements, finger diameter, vital signs (e.

The performance of 11 fingertip pulse oximeters during hypoxemia in healthy human participants with varied, quantified skin pigment.

Background: Fingertip pulse oximeters are widely available, inexpensive, and commonly used to make clinical decisions in many settings. Device performance is largely unregulated and poorly characterised, especially in people with dark skin pigmentation.

Methods: Eleven popular fingertip pulse oximeters were evaluated using the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance (2013) and International Organization for Standardization Standards (ISO, 2017) in 34 healthy humans with diverse skin pigmentation utilising a controlled desaturation study with arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2) plateaus between 70% and 100%.

Race-shifting in the United States: Latinxs, Skin Tone, and Ethnoracial Alignments.

In the study, we engage the question of racial "fluidity" by examining patterns of ethnoracial identification in adolescence and, importantly, in ethnoracial identification between adolescence and adulthood using two waves of data from a nationally representative, longitudinal study of adolescents who were in Grades 7 to 12 during the 1994 to 1995 school year. Our theoretical framework draws from social identity theory and brings together bodies of research in race and immigration to make a case for the importance of phenotype, ancestry, and sociocultural elements as potential mechanisms for patterns among Latinx youth, as shifts in ethnoracial identification are predominantly a Latinx phenomenon. The bulk of the findings suggest that both phenotype and immigration are important factors for ethnoracial self-identification among Latinx youth, as well as shifts in their ethnoracial identification in young adulthood.

The Threefold Path to Equity: Approaches for Health and Aging Researchers.

The authors present a model for pursuing equity in research on health and aging, in terms of: (a) community-driven research governance, with reference to examples inside and outside of the United States, (b) a focus on policy change, where policy is defined broadly in terms of all legislative and regulatory change, and (c) equity-focused research practices, at the level of measurement, analysis, and study design. The model is visualized as a "threefold path" that researchers may walk, to achieve changes within our field, and changes in how we interface with other fields, and communities.

Skin Tone and Perceived Discrimination: Health and Aging Beyond the Binary in NSHAP 2015.

Objectives: This paper introduces new measures of skin tone (self-reported) and perceived discrimination that are included in the third round of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). We explain the rationale for these new measures, emphasizing, in particular, how they help researchers to conceptualize and measure the significance of race/ethnicity for health and aging beyond binary ethnoracial categories.

Method: We describe new measures of skin tone and perceived discrimination for use in NSHAP 2015.

Colorism and Physical Health: Evidence from a National Survey.

This study uses nationally representative data to extend a steadily growing body of research on the health consequences of skin color by comparatively examining the consequences of perceived ingroup and outgroup skin color discrimination (perceived colorism) for physical health among African Americans. Using a comprehensive set of measures of physical health, I find that perceived ingroup colorism is significantly associated with worse physical health outcomes among African Americans. Notably, the magnitude of ingroup colorism's associations with most of these outcomes rivals or even exceeds that of major lifetime discrimination, everyday discrimination, and perceived outgroup colorism.

Linked fate and mental health among African Americans.

Linked fate, the feeling that what happens to one's group may indelibly shape one's own life, is variously conceptualized as an aspect of ethnoracial identity, expression of political solidarity, and/or sense of ethnoracial consciousness. In this study, I contend that, within the context of stigmatization, linked fate may also be compellingly conceptualized as an expression of collective threat and vulnerability with potential relevance for the mental health of African Americans, in particular. Nevertheless, existing research on race and mental health has remained silent on this issue, as linked fate has received little scholarly attention from researchers interested in mental health.

Are skin color and body mass index associated with social network structure? Findings from a male sex market study.

There is a growing burden of HIV and sex-related diseases in South Asia and India. Sociological research illustrates that key axes of social stratification, such as race and ethnicity, affect social network structure which, in turn, impacts sexual health and wellbeing. Research on networks has increasingly begun to examine the ways in which networks drive or harness sexual behaviors, but has largely neglected the influence of culture and cultural markers in this continuum.

The Cost of Color: Skin Color, Discrimination, and Health among African-Americans.

In this study, the author uses a nationally representative survey to examine the relationship(s) between skin tone, discrimination, and health among African-Americans. He finds that skin tone is a significant predictor of multiple forms of perceived discrimination (including perceived skin color discrimination from whites and blacks) and, in turn, these forms of perceived discrimination are significant predictors of key health outcomes, such as depression and self-rated mental and physical health. Intraracial health differences related to skin tone (and discrimination) often rival or even exceed disparities between blacks and whites as a whole.