Comparison of Pediatric Otolaryngology clinical and operative case volume among surgical specialties in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To report changes in clinical and surgical volume impacting a Pediatric Otolaryngology division one year prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to five other pediatric surgical subspecialties.

Methods: The number of clinical visits and surgical cases per month for six pediatric surgical specialties (Otolaryngology, Orthopedic Surgery, Urology, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, and General Surgery) for 12 months prior to the pandemic and 12 months following the onset of the pandemic was collected. Poisson regression analysis was performed for the number of visits and cases per season adjusting for specialty, season, staffing changes, and the pandemic to determine adjusted rate ratios (aRR) post-pandemic for the surgical fields compared to Otolaryngology.

The Impact of Cognitive and Implicit Bias on Patient Safety and Quality.

Humans use cognitive shortcuts, or heuristics, to quickly assess and respond to situations and data. When applied inappropriately, heuristics have the potential to redirect analysis of available information in consistent ways, creating systematic biases resulting in decision errors. Heuristics have greater effect in high-pressure, high-stakes decisions, particularly when dealing with incomplete information, in other words, daily medical and surgical practice.

National Multispecialty Survey Results: Comparing Morbidity and Mortality Conference Practices within and outside Otolaryngology.

Objective The objective is to describe variations in the otolaryngology morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference and to compare with other specialties. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting The setting included otolaryngology departments across the United States and nonotolaryngology medical and surgical departments at 4 academic medical centers.

Applying cost accounting to operating room staffing in otolaryngology: time-driven activity-based costing and outpatient adenotonsillectomy.

Objectives: (1) To describe the application of a detailed cost-accounting method (time-driven activity-cased costing) to operating room personnel costs, avoiding the proxy use of hospital and provider charges. (2) To model potential cost efficiencies using different staffing models with the case study of outpatient adenotonsillectomy.

Study Design: Prospective cost analysis case study.

Inhaled cidofovir as an adjuvant therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

A previously healthy, full-term, 4-month-old boy presented with progressively weakening cry, hoarseness, and increased work of breathing. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy revealed glottic papillomas, which were endoscopically removed with a microdebrider in the operating room (Derkay score 23). The patient was diagnosed with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis that disseminated throughout his airway.

A preliminary investigation of four-dimensional ultrasound for evaluation of middle ear ossicles: an in vitro study.

Objective: Temporal bone imaging in children has several inherent limitations. Computed tomography has the disadvantage of ionizing radiation, possible sedation, cost and accessibility. Magnetic resonance imaging has most of these disadvantages, with the exception of radiation, and provides bone images of limited resolution.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric unilateral and asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss.

Objective: To compare temporal bone computed tomography (CT) with temporal bone and central nervous system magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in children with unilateral or asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Design: Retrospective chart study.

Setting: Tertiary-care children's hospital.

Speech recognition abilities in noise for children with severe-to-profound unilateral hearing impairment.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to compare the signal-to-noise ratio required for equal performance for children (aged 6-14 years) with normal hearing (N=17) versus those with severe-to-profound unilateral hearing impairment (N=20) who can be at a disadvantage, particularly when sounds are presented to the impaired ear. The listening environment is designed to approximate that which is encountered in a typical classroom.

Methods: All signals (Hearing in Noise Test-Children and Nonsense Syllable Test) were presented in the sound field from various azimuths with continuous noise presented from all quadrants.

Intralesional cidofovir for pediatric recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Objective: To compare disease response among children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) who underwent combined surgical debulking and intralesional cidofovir injections vs repeated surgical debulking only.

Design: Retrospective medical record review; follow-up range: 16 to 56 months.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Audiometric findings in children with a large vestibular aqueduct.

Objective: To characterize audiometric findings in children with a large vestibular aqueduct (LVA).

Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: Audiometric records of children with an isolated LVA, diagnosed by computed tomography of the temporal bone, from 1995 through 1998 were reviewed.

Recurrent acute otitis media associated meningitis in a patient with a contralateral cochlear implant and bilateral cochleovestibular dysplasia.

Objective: To illustrate that a patient with a cochlear implant may be at increased risk of meningitis secondary to developmental anatomic abnormality associated with the underlying sensorineural hearing loss, as opposed to the implant itself.

Methods: Case report.

Results: Our 12-year-old patient has bilateral cochlear dysplasia, profound sensorineural hearing loss and no prior history of recurrent acute otitis media or meningitis.

Laryngomalacia induced by exercise in a pediatric patient.

Exercise-induced laryngomalacia (EIL) is characterized by inspiratory stridor that is brought on by exercise (i.e. competitive sports) and fails to respond to treatment with bronchodilators (Smith et al.