Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PVNs) stabilize cortical network activity, generate gamma rhythms, and regulate experience-dependent plasticity. Here, we observed that activation or inactivation of PVNs functioned like a volume knob in the mouse auditory cortex (ACtx), turning neural and behavioral classification of sound level up or down over a 20dB range. PVN loudness adjustments were "sticky", such that a single bout of 40Hz PVN stimulation sustainably suppressed ACtx sound responsiveness, potentiated feedforward inhibition, and behaviorally desensitized mice to loudness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
February 2024
Objectives: Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a prevalent condition traditionally attributed to inner ear dysfunction. Little is known about age-related changes in the ossicular joints or their contribution to presbycusis. Herein, we performed an otopathologic evaluation of the ossicular joints in cases of presbycusis without a clear sensorineural explanation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
December 2023
Implantable tubes, shunts, and other medical conduits are crucial for treating a wide range of conditions from ears and eyes to brain and liver but often impose serious risks of device infection, obstruction, migration, unreliable function, and tissue damage. Efforts to alleviate these complications remain at an impasse because of fundamentally conflicting design requirements: Millimeter-scale size is required to minimize invasiveness but exacerbates occlusion and malfunction. Here, we present a rational design strategy that reconciles these trade-offs in an implantable tube that is even smaller than the current standard of care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOtolaryngology surgical education continues to evolve where trainees increasingly use videos to learn technical skills. Trainees commonly use YouTube, but no study to date has evaluated the educational quality (EQ) of otologic surgical videos on YouTube. We aim to assess the EQ of cholesteatoma surgical videos.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Universal mask wearing due to COVID-19 has introduced barriers to clear communication. In hearing impaired individuals this can impact informed surgical consent. For cochlear implant candidates, who do not rely on sign language, real-time transcription with a stenographer (CART) is the gold-standard in assistive technologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Otolaryngology residency applicants face challenges finding accurate information about training programs. Social media platforms are not verified, and official training program websites are not standardized. Currently, the American Medical Association's Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) is the most comprehensive sanctioned and verified otolaryngology residency program database.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
April 2022
Objective: Surgical education is changing in an era of new regulations and evolving training cultures. We sought to understand the factors that affect operative experiences during otolaryngology residency.
Methods: From December 2019 to December 2020, five otolaryngology training programs used the SIMPL OR smartphone application to evaluate residents after each operation.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
April 2022
Importance: Emerging reports of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) after COVID-19 vaccination within the otolaryngological community and the public have raised concern about a possible association between COVID-19 vaccination and the development of SSNHL.
Objective: To examine the potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and SSNHL.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study and case series involved an up-to-date population-based analysis of 555 incident reports of probable SSNHL in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) over the first 7 months of the US vaccination campaign (December 14, 2020, through July 16, 2021).
Objective: This report describes a case of otogenic central skull base osteomyelitis (CSBO) requiring complex surgical intervention and reviews the literature on management of this entity.
Patient: A 76-year-old man presented with a nearly 20-year history of chronic otomastoiditis and cholesteatoma with ultimate progression to severe CSBO with involvement of the petrous apex, clivus, and craniocervical junction.
Interventions: CSBO was managed with culture-directed antibiotic therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, and surgical intervention including serial combined endoscopic transmastoid and transsphenoidal debridements.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
February 2022
Purpose: Transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) is an increasingly used surgical approach for otologic surgeries, but no en face preoperative imaging format currently exists. We aim to assess the utility of a transcanal high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) reformat suitable for TEES preoperative planning.
Materials And Methods: Preoperative HRCTs of patients with middle ear pathologies (cholesteatoma, otosclerosis, and glomus tympanicum) who underwent TEES were obtained.
Objective: Vestibular schwannomas (VS) commonly undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance, but long-term data to support the ideal frequency is limited. Herein, we aim to investigate intracanalicular VS growth predictors and long-term growth rates (GR).
Study Design: Retrospective chart review.
Objective: We aim to assess the histopathology of human temporal bones (TBs) with evidence of cochlear implantation (CI) electrode scalar translocation.
Study Design: Otopathology study.
Setting: Otopathology laboratory.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
September 2022
Sports-related injuries, such as concussion, during childhood may result in considerable morbidity, including a range of negative developmental consequences. Auditory dysfunction is generally recognized to be a possible sequela of sports-related concussion; however, few epidemiologic studies have quantified the association between hearing quality and sports-related activity in the pediatric population. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the 2015-2016 cycle was utilized to determine the association of sports activities and hearing quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Gender disparities are prevalent in medicine, but their impact on surgical training is not well studied.
Objective: To quantify gender disparities in trainee intraoperative experiences and explore the variables associated with ratings of surgical autonomy and performance.
Methods: From September 2015 to May 2019, attending surgeons and trainees from 71 programs assessed trainee autonomy on a 4-level Zwisch scale and performance on a 5-level modified Dreyfus scale after surgical procedures.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
September 2022
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the utility of portable audiometry became more apparent as elective procedures were deferred in an effort to limit exposure to health care providers. Herein, we retrospectively evaluated mobile-based audiometry in the emergency department and outpatient otology and audiology clinics. Air conduction thresholds with mobile audiometry were within 5 dB in 66% of tests (95% CI, 62.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: There is concern that current otolaryngology residents may not receive adequate surgical training. We aimed to characterize residents' surgical experiences at 5 academic centers performing the 14 key indicator procedures (KIPs) outlined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.
Study Design: Prospective study.
Objective: Ménière's disease is an inner ear disorder classically characterized by fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness accompanied by episodic vertigo. While the pathogenesis of Ménière's remains under debate, histopathological analyses implicate endolymphatic sac dysfunction with inner ear fluid homeostatic dysregulation. Little is known about whether external impingement of the endolymphatic sac by tumors may present with Ménière's-like symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol
August 2021
Objectives: Stapedotomy is performed to address conductive hearing deficits. While hearing thresholds reliably improve at low frequencies (LF), conductive outcomes at high frequencies (HF) are less reliable and have not been well described. Herein, we evaluate post-operative HF air-bone gap (ABG) changes and measure HF air conduction (AC) thresholds changes as a function of frequency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on operative practices of otology and neurotology providers internationally.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.
Methods: A 78-question survey was distributed to otologists and neurotologists between May 12, 2020 and June 8, 2020 to assess the impact of the pandemic on surgical practices.
Transcanal endoscopic operative approaches provide for a minimally invasive surgical portal to the lateral skull base. Traditional preoperative imaging evaluation involves computed tomography (CT) acquisition in the axial and coronal planes that are not optimized for the transcanal surgical corridor. Herein, we describe a novel CT-based "transcanal view" for preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative navigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe pathophysiology of eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) remains poorly characterized, and it may result in significant patient morbidity. A recent study has identified a collection of previously unidentified salivary glands in the nasopharynx that overlay the torus tubarius. While salivary gland tissue has been described in the nasopharynx, the newly discovered salivary gland tissue has been denoted tubarial glands (TGs) and theorized to be a distinct organ.
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