Inherited physical capacity: Widening divergence from young to adult to old.

Cardiorespiratory performance segregates into rat strains of inherited low- and high-capacity runners (LCRs and HCRs); during adulthood, this segregation remains stable, but widens in senescence and is followed by segregated function, health, and mortality. However, this segregation has not been investigated prior to adulthood. We, therefore, assessed cardiorespiratory performance and cardiac cell (cardiomyocyte) structure-function in 1- and 4-month-old LCRs and HCRs.

Exercise training and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Aims: The aims of this sub-study of the SMARTEX trial were (1) to evaluate the effects of a 12-week exercise training programme on serum levels of high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) in patients with moderate chronic heart failure (CHF), in New York Heart Association class II-III with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and (2) to explore the associations with left ventricular remodelling, functional capacity and filling pressures measured with N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).

Methods And Results: In this sub-study, 196 patients were randomly assigned to high intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 70), moderate continuous training (MCT, n = 59) or recommendation of regular exercise (RRE), (n = 67) for 12 weeks. To reveal potential difference between structured intervention and control, HIIT and MCT groups were merged and named supervised exercise training (SET) group.

Treadmill running intensity and post-exercise increase in plasma cardiac troponin I and T-A pilot study in healthy volunteers.

Background: Plasma concentrations of cardiac troponins increase in healthy individuals after strenuous training, but the response to lower exercise intensities has not been characterized.

Aim: To determine whether exercise at moderate intensity significantly increases plasma cardiac troponins measured with different assays in healthy recreational athletes.

Methods: Twenty-four self-reported healthy volunteers were instructed to complete three 60-min bouts of treadmill running at variable intensities: High-intensity training (HIT) including a maximal exercise test and an anaerobic threshold test followed by training at 80%-95% of maximum heart rate (HR ), Moderate-intensity training (MIT) at 60%-75% of HR , and Low-intensity training (LIT) at 45%-55% of HR .

Feasibility of telerehabilitation for heart failure patients inaccessible for outpatient rehabilitation.

Aims: Despite strong recommendations, outpatient cardiac rehabilitation is underused in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Possible barriers are frailty, accessibility, and rural living, which may be overcome by telerehabilitation. We designed a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the feasibility of a 3-month real-time, home-based telerehabilitation, high-intensity exercise programme for CHF patients who are either unable or unwilling to participate in standard outpatient cardiac rehabilitation and to explore outcomes of self-efficacy and physical fitness at 3 months post-intervention.

Moderate continuous or high intensity interval exercise in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Differences between ischemic and non-ischemic etiology.

Background: Exercise for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is recommended by guidelines, but exercise mode and intensities are not differentiated between HF etiologies. We, therefore, investigated the effect of moderate or high intensity exercise on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and maximal exercise capacity (peak VO) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM).

Methods: The Study of Myocardial Recovery after Exercise Training in Heart Failure (SMARTEX-HF) consecutively enrolled 231 patients with HFrEF (LVEF ≤ 35 %, NYHA II-III) in a 12-weeks supervised exercise program.

Noncontact Longitudinal Respiratory Rate Measurements in Healthy Adults Using Radar-Based Sleep Monitor (Somnofy): Validation Study.

Background: Respiratory rate (RR) is arguably the most important vital sign to detect clinical deterioration. Change in RR can also, for example, be associated with the onset of different diseases, opioid overdoses, intense workouts, or mood. However, unlike for most other vital parameters, an easy and accurate measuring method is lacking.

Cardiorenal syndrome and the association with fitness: Data from a telerehabilitation randomized clinical trial.

Aims: To investigate the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiac, vascular, renal and cardiorenal characteristics in chronic heart failure in a telerehabilitation randomized clinical trial. Secondly, to evaluate the associations of cardiorenal syndrome with the effects of exercise.

Methods And Results: Sixty-nine heart failure patients attended baseline examination, and 61 patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to 3-month telerehabilitation or control.

Effects of Exercise Interventions on Aerobic Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Exercise is an important component of rehabilitation care for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, it is unclear which type of physical rehabilitation exercise is most effective. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of different types of exercise interventions on aerobic capacity measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 peak; in mL/kg·min) in patients with HFpEF.

Ubiquitin-proteasome-system and enzymes of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of patients with HFpEF and HFrEF.

Background: Skeletal muscle (SM) alterations contribute to exercise intolerance in heart failure patients with preserved (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS), nuclear apoptosis, and reduced mitochondrial energy supply is associated with SM weakness in HFrEF. These mechanisms are incompletely studied in HFpEF, and a direct comparison between these groups is missing.

Exercise training and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Aims: Whether an exercise training intervention is associated with reduction in long-term high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentration (a biomarker of subclinical myocardial injury) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is unknown. The aims were to determine (i) the effect of a 12 week endurance exercise training intervention with different training intensities on hs-cTnT in stable patients with HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%) and (ii) associations between hs-cTnT and peak oxygen uptake (VO ).

Methods And Results: In this sub-study of the SMARTEX-HF trial originally including 261 patients from nine European centres, 213 eligible patients were included after withdrawals and appropriate exclusions [19% women, mean age 61.

Exercise training reveals micro-RNAs associated with improved cardiac function and electrophysiology in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction.

Aims: Endurance training improves aerobic fitness and cardiac function in individuals with heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well characterized. Exercise training could therefore act as a tool to discover novel targets for heart failure treatment.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Peak Oxygen Consumption, VE/VCO Slope, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic exercise on peak oxygen uptake (peak VO), minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO slope), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with heart failure (HF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Recent Findings: We conducted a Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and SciELO search (from 1985 to May 2019) for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise in HFpEF patients. We calculated the mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Baseline and Exercise Predictors of V˙O2peak in Systolic Heart Failure Patients: Results from SMARTEX-HF.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate baseline, exercise testing, and exercise training-mediated predictors of change in peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) from baseline to 12-wk follow-up (ΔV˙O2peak) in a post hoc analysis from the SMARTEX Heart Failure trial.

Methods: We studied 215 patients with heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes II-III who were randomized to either supervised high-intensity interval training with exercise target intensity of 90%-95% of peak heart rate (HRpeak) or supervised moderate continuous training (MCT) with target intensity of 60%-70% of HRpeak, or who received a recommendation of regular exercise on their own. Predictors of ΔV˙O2peak were assessed in two models: a logistic regression model comparing highest and lowest tertiles (baseline parameters) and a multivariate linear regression model (test/training/clinical parameters).

Effect of exercise training on cardiac metabolism in rats with heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) impairs resting myocardial energetics, myocardial mitochondrial performance, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO). Exercise training is included in most rehabilitation programs and benefits HF patients. However, the effect of exercise intensity on cardiac mitochondrial respiration and concentrations of the key bioenergetic metabolites phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is unclear.

Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training on peak oxygen consumption, muscle strength and health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on peak oxygen consumption (peak VO), minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO slope), muscle strength and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods: We searched Cochrane, Pubmed, and PEDro (from the earliest date available to September 2018) for RCTs that evaluated the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training in HFrEF patients. Weighted mean differences (WMD), standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Inflammation Is Strongly Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Sex, BMI, and the Metabolic Syndrome in a Self-reported Healthy Population: HUNT3 Fitness Study.

Objective: To investigate whether C-reactive protein (CRP, a general marker of inflammation), neopterin (activated macrophages), lactoferrin (activated neutrophils), and endothelial function (flow-mediated vasodilation [FMD]) are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake [VO]), sex, body mass index (BMI), and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in a healthy adult population.

Patients And Methods: This was a cross-sectional association study based on the population-based HUNT3 Fitness Study performed from May 15, 2007, through June 23, 2008. Seven hundred forty self-reported healthy respondents (327 women) identified as having the MetSyn were age- and sex-matched with 692 controls (307 women) from the same cohort.

The Effect of Exercise Training on Myocardial and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism by MR Spectroscopy in Rats with Heart Failure.

The metabolism and performance of myocardial and skeletal muscle are impaired in heart failure (HF) patients. Exercise training improves the performance and benefits the quality of life in HF patients. The purpose of the present study was to determine the metabolic profiles in myocardial and skeletal muscle in HF and exercise training using MRS, and thus to identify targets for clinical MRS in vivo.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease - The past, present, and future.

The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is now well established and it is increasingly being recognized as an essential variable which should be assessed in health screenings. The key findings that have established the clinical significance of CRF are reviewed in this report, along with an overview of the current relevance of exercise as a form of medicine that can provide a number of positive health outcomes, including increasing CRF. Current assessment options for assessing CRF are also reviewed, including the direct measurement via cardiopulmonary exercise testing which now can be interpreted with age and sex-specific reference values.

Skeletal muscle metabolism in rats with low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity: Effect of aging and exercise training.

Purpose: Exercise training increases aerobic capacity and is beneficial for health, whereas low aerobic exercise capacity is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and premature death. The purpose of the present study was to determine the metabolic profiles in a rat model of inborn low versus high capacity runners (LCR/HCR) and to determine the effect of inborn aerobic capacity, aging, and exercise training on skeletal muscle metabolic profile.

Methods: LCR/HCR rats were randomized to high intensity low volume interval treadmill training twice a week or sedentary control for 3 or 11 months before they were sacrificed, at 9 and 18 months of age, respectively.

Meta-analysis of Exercise Training on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A 10-year Update.

Background: The role of exercise training modality to attenuate left ventricular (LV) remodeling in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains uncertain. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports on exercise training (moderate-intensity continuous aerobic, high-intensity interval aerobic, and resistance exercise) and LV remodeling in clinically stable HFrEF patients.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and PubMed (2007 to 2017) for randomized controlled trials of exercise training on resting LV ejection fraction (EF) and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes in HFrEF patients.

High intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Background: Despite the well-known positive effects of exercise in heart failure patients, the best mode of exercise is still under discussion.

Methods: We searched Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro data base, and SciELO (from the earliest date available to October 2017) for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of HIIT versus MICT in HFrEF patients.

Human cardiomyocyte calcium handling and transverse tubules in mid-stage of post-myocardial-infarction heart failure.

Aims: Cellular processes in the heart rely mainly on studies from experimental animal models or explanted hearts from patients with terminal end-stage heart failure (HF). To address this limitation, we provide data on excitation contraction coupling, cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation, and Ca handling in post-myocardial-infarction (MI) patients at mid-stage of HF.

Methods And Results: Nine MI patients and eight control patients without MI (non-MI) were included.