The Anti-Diabetic Effects of Medicinal Plants Belonging to the Liliaceae Family: Potential Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that has an enormous impact on people's quality of life and health. Although there is no doubt about the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents combined with lifestyle management in controlling diabetes, no individual has ever been reported to have been completely cured of the disease. Globally, many medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes in various traditional systems of medicine.

Pharmacological and Clinical Studies of Medicinal Plants That Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). DPP-IV plays a significant role in regulating blood glucose levels by modulating the activity of GLP-1. In the context of diabetes, DPP-IV inhibitors effectively block the activity of DPP-IV, hence mitigating the degradation of GLP-1.

Three years of antibacterial consumption in Indonesian Community Health Centers: The application of anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily doses and drug utilization 90% method to monitor antibacterial use.

Context: Irrational use of antibacterial drugs in Community Health-Care Centers (CHCs) may lead to increased resistance, morbidity, and mortality.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine patterns of antibacterial use at CHCs in a district of Indonesia and use this as data for an antibiotic policy.

Settings And Design: The observational-descriptive study was conducted in a district of Indonesia to obtain antibacterial use from 2008 to 2010.