IFN-γ mediates Paneth cell death via suppression of mTOR.

Paneth cells constitutively produce antimicrobial peptides and growth factors that allow for intestinal homeostasis, host protection, and intestinal stem cell replication. Paneth cells rely heavily on the glycolytic metabolic program, which is in part controlled by the kinase complex Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1). Yet, little is known about mTOR importance in Paneth cell integrity under steady-state and inflammatory conditions.

Alarmin S100A11 initiates a chemokine response to the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite that infects up to one third of the world's population. Notably, very little is known about innate immune sensing mechanisms for this obligate intracellular parasite by human cells. Here, by applying an unbiased biochemical screening approach, we show that human monocytes recognized the presence of T.