Eltrombopag for Treatment of Thrombocytopenia After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Children: Single Center Experience.

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is a common clinical problem in cancer patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It can occur as prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia (PIT) or secondary failure of platelet recovery (SFPR) and may cause potentially fatal bleeding. However, data on the treatment of post-transplant thrombocytopenia is still lacking.

Use of Parenteral Antibiotics in Emergency Departments: Practice Patterns and Class Concordance.

Introduction: We aimed to assess antibiotic stewardship by quantifying the use of first-dose intravenous (IV) vs oral-only antibiotics and the frequency with which antibiotic class was changed for discharged patients. Secondary aims included the following: evaluation of the relative length of stay (LOS); differences in prescribing patterns between clinician types; differences between academic and community settings; assessment of prescribing patterns among emergency department (ED) diagnoses; and frequency of return visits for patients in each group.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study including patients presenting to EDs with infections who were discharged from our Midwest healthcare system consisting of 17 community hospitals and one academic center.

COVID-19 disease in children and adolescents following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A report from the Turkish pediatric bone marrow transplantation study group.

Background: Data on the risk factors and outcomes for pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are limited.

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the clinical signs, risk factors, and outcomes for ICU admission and mortality in a large pediatric cohort who underwent allogeneic HSCT prior to COVID-19 infection.

Method: In this nationwide study, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 184 pediatric HSCT recipients who had COVID-19 between March 2020 and August 2022.

Implementation of an Evidence-Based Medicine Curriculum for Postgraduate Emergency Medicine Physician Assistant and Nurse Practitioner Fellows.

Introduction: Within physician assistant (PA) education, the inclusion of evidence-based medicine (EBM) is mandatory. Despite existing literature on EBM training methodologies for PA students and emergency medicine (EM) physician residents, there exists a dearth of published data concerning EBM instruction within postgraduate PA EM programs. A pilot study is described providing an overview of implementation of an EBM curriculum in a single-institution postgraduate physician assistant and nurse practitioner emergency medicine fellowship.

Tau-Marin Mucoadhesive Gel for Prevention and Treatment of Gum Diseases.

An innovative and stable probiotic-containing mucoadhesive gel (AL0020), integrated with botanical extracts, has been developed to rebalance the dysbiosis associated with periodontal diseases. Tau-Marin gel, prepared with anhydrous ingredients to prevent the replication of bacteria and ensure good stability over time, was tested against some pathogenic bacteria, belonging to the so-called "red complex", recognized as the most important pathogens in plaque specimens, adherent to the epithelial lining of periodontal pockets. This lipogel was tested in vitro, in a physiological solution (PS) and in a simulated saliva (SS), for up to 8 h, to monitor its ability to release probiotics over time.

Clinical, Genetic, and Outcome Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Objective: In this study, we sought to describe the clinical, laboratory, and genetic character- istics of patients diagnosed with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the early diagnosis and appropriate treatment options for pediatric hemophago- cytic lymphohistiocytosis patients.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of 9 patients diagnosed with primary hemophago- cytic lymphohistiocytosis between November 2013 and December 2019 were analyzed retro- spectively.

Chronic Neutropenia in Childhood: Laboratory and Clinical Features.

Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic neutropenia.

Methods: Data of 36 patients with chronic neutropenia, who were followed up in the authors' clinic between May 2013 and May 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were diagnosed based on their clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Probiotics-Containing Mucoadhesive Gel for Targeting the Dysbiosis Associated with Periodontal Diseases.

Objective: Periodontitis is a common disorder that leads to the loss of both tooth and personal well-being, contributing to worsen the risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, probiotics, characterized by rapid oral dispersion, have been topically used. Here, we present data of a mucoadhesive gel containing probiotics, capable of ensuring a slow release of bacteria to prevent and treat periodontitis.

Thalassemia-free and graft-versus-host-free survival: outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major, Turkish experience.

We report the national data on the outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for thalassemia major (TM) patients in Turkey on behalf of the Turkish Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Group. We retrospectively enrolled 1469 patients with TM who underwent their first HSCT between 1988 and 2020 in 25 pediatric centers in Turkey. The median follow-up duration and transplant ages were 62 months and 7 years, respectively; 113 patients had chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) and the cGVHD rate was 8.

HLA - matched related donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with polynucleotide kinase 3-phosphatase mutation developed acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: PNPK gene mutations result in DNA repair disorders and have a spectrum of neurodevelopmental manifestations. To date, cancer predisposition has not been described in patients with PNKP mutations.

Observation: Here, we report a patient with PNKP mutation, who developed AML at age of five and underwent reduced-intensity HSCT.

Frequency of obesity and metabolic syndrome in childhood leukemia and lymphoma survivors.

Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical features of obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are long-term effects of survivors after treatment in children with leukemia and lymphoma.

Patients And Methods: Patients with leukemia and lymphoma, who were diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 (at least 2 two years after remission) were included. Data obtained through reviewing the family history, demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory parameters (blood glucose, lipid, and insulin levels) were analyzed and compared at the time of diagnosis, after the treatment and at time of the study.

Co-administration of vitamin D3 and DG increase 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in mice.

Purpose: Subclinical vitamin D (vitD) deficiency enhances the predisposition to a myriad of acute and chronic pathologies in many people worldwide. Due to the scarcity of vitD-rich foods, the consumption of supplements or fortified foods can be required to maintain healthy serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and the major circulating form of vitD that is commonly measured in serum to determine the vitD status. Since the vitD absorption seems to resemble that of lipids, improved emulsification in the gut could favor vitD permeation through the enterocyte membrane.

DG enhances the lactoferrin anti-SARS-CoV-2 response in Caco-2 cells.

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which primarily manifests with respiratory distress and may also lead to symptoms associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics are living microorganisms that have been shown to confer immune benefits. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of three different probiotic strains, either alone or in combination with lactoferrin, using the intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line.

Supranational Assessment of the Quality of Probiotics: Collaborative Initiative between Independent Accredited Testing Laboratories.

Recent acquisitions about the role of the microbiota in the functioning of the human body make it possible to envisage an increasing use of beneficial microbes, and more particularly of probiotics as well as their metabolites, as nutritional supplements. National and EU authorities are engaged in assuring the safety and quality of food supplements and in defining rules to assess and communicate their efficacy on human health. The quality of probiotics, intended as strains' identification, viability, and stability over time, is a crucial factor of credibility with consumers and health professionals.

Antibacterial Activity of a Fractionated Oil Against Pharyngeal and Ear Pathogens, Alone or in Combination With Antibiotics.

Previous studies have clearly demonstrated that the addition of lentisk oil (LO) to streptococcal cultures makes it possible to differentiate spp. into three categories with and sensitive, , , and partially sensitive, and insensitive to the product. We have investigated here whether the winterization of LO, an easy and cheap procedure that removes some of the fatty substances contained within, resulted in a better antimicrobial effect on human pathogens affecting the pharyngeal mucosa and middle ear such as .

Unusual Clinical Presentation of Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Child: Both Spinal Cord Compression and Hydronephrosis.

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is predominantly a nodal disease with extranodal presentation being uncommon. Presentation with neurological symptoms is not uncommon in adult patients with HL. Subdiaphragmatic involvements are less common especially in childhood.

Clinical Efficacy of Ruxolitinib Monotherapy and Haploidentical Hematopoeitic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Child with Philadelphia Chromosome-like Relapsed/Refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Introduction: (Ph-like) ALL is a subset of leukemia which has a gene expression profile similar to Ph+disease, but without the presence of BCR-ABL1 translocation.

Case Description: We reported an exceptional case of a child with relapsed Ph-like ALL with IKZF1 gene deletion treated with high-dose ruxolitinib as monotherapy, after multi-agent chemotherapy. He remains in continued MRD-negative leukemia remission with full donor chimerism at 12 months post-HSCT.

The combined effect of fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and in vitro digestion on metabolomic and oligosaccharide profile of oat beverage.

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is widely appreciated for its beneficial properties for human health, which have led to the introduction of more food products on the market, including oat beverages. The fibre components found in the oat are recognized for their beneficial effects, despite other bioactive compounds with healthy properties being present.

Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT Imaging in Childhood Malignancies.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnosis, staging, restaging, and treatment response of childhood malignancies.

Methods: This study included 52 patients (32 boys, 20 girls) who were referred to our clinic between November 2008 and December 2018 with the diagnosis of malignancy. The patients were evaluated retrospectively.

Protective Effects of Lactoferrin against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro.

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus that currently lacks curative treatments. Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally occurring non-toxic glycoprotein with broad-spectrum antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we assessed the potential of LF in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.

Eltrombopag for treatment of thrombocytopenia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children: Single-centre experience.

Delayed recovery of thrombocytopenia is a well-known complication after allogeneic HSCT. Eltrombopag (ELT), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TRAs), induces platelet maturation and release. Mostly conducted in adults, some of the previous studies have shown that ELT seems to enhance platelet recovery for post-allogeneic HSCT thrombocytopenia, appears efficacious, and offers transfusion independence.

Gut Microbiota for Health: How Can Diet Maintain A Healthy Gut Microbiota?

The human intestinal tract is colonized by a resilient integrated ecosystem represented by a complex consortium of trillions of microbes [...