SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes across mental disorders and the role of sex: A register-based study from Catalonia.

Introduction: This study investigated the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes among different mental health diagnoses and the role of sex in these associations.

Methods: Using electronic records from Catalonia, we identified adults receiving mental health care from 2017-2019 with diagnoses of non-affective psychosis (NAP), bipolar disorder (BD), depressive disorder (DEP), stress-related disorders, neurotic/somatoform disorders (NSD), and substance misuse (SUB) (exposed). The outcomes assessed were SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and COVID-19-related death, compared to matched individuals without these mental disorders (unexposed).

Labor market marginalization in individuals with bipolar disorder: a Swedish nationwide register-based sibling comparison study.

Background: There is a lack of large-scale studies exploring labor market marginalization (LMM) among individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to investigate the association of BD with subsequent LMM in Sweden, and the effect of sex on LMM in BD.

Methods: Individuals aged 19-60 years living in Sweden with a first-time BD diagnosis between 2007 and 2016 ( = 25 231) were followed from the date of diagnosis for a maximum of 14 years.

Repurposing Semaglutide and Liraglutide for Alcohol Use Disorder.

Importance: Preliminary studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists, used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, may decrease alcohol consumption.

Objective: To test whether the risk of hospitalization due to alcohol use disorder (AUD) is decreased during the use of GLP-1 agonists compared with periods of nonuse for the same individual.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was an observational study conducted nationwide in Sweden using data from January 2006 to December 2023.

Addressing challenges faced by young refugees in the Netherlands: Adapting problem management plus (PM+) with an emotional processing module.

Young refugees face numerous challenges before, during, and after their journey, leading to higher rates of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. These problems often remain untreated due to barriers like limited services, stigma, and varied distress expressions. One effective scalable intervention that bridges this treatment gap is problem management plus (PM+), a transdiagnostic program delivered by trained nonspecialists.

Comparative Effectiveness of Antipsychotics in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder.

Importance: Antipsychotics are the cornerstone of maintenance treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but it is unclear which agents should be prioritized by prescribers.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of antipsychotics, including recent market entries, in comparison with oral olanzapine in relapse and treatment failure prevention among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This comparative effectiveness research study with a within-individual analysis included data from Swedish health care registers of inpatient and specialized outpatient care, sickness absence, and disability pensions among all individuals aged 16 to 65 years who were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2021, including an incident cohort and a prevalent cohort.

Trajectories of work disability and unemployment before and after a common mental disorder diagnosis among young private sector employees in Sweden-a register-based longitudinal study.

Purpose: To identify trajectory groups of work disability (WD), including sick leave and disability pension, and unemployment three years before and six years (from Y-3 to Y + 6) after a common mental disorder (CMD) diagnosis and to investigate associations of socio-demographic, work-related and clinical factors with trajectory membership.

Methods: A longitudinal nationwide register-based study was conducted including individuals aged 22-29 years, gainfully employed in the private sector, with a CMD diagnosis in specialised healthcare or prescribed antidepressant (N = 12,121) in 2014 (Year 0/Y0), with follow-up from Y-3 to Y + 6. Group-based trajectory analyses identified groups of individuals who followed similar trajectories of months of WD and unemployment, respectively.

Trajectories of work disability among individuals with anxiety-, mood/affective-, or stress-related disorders in a primary healthcare setting.

Background: Anxiety-, mood/affective-, or stress-related disorders affect up to one-third of individuals during their lives and often impact their ability to work. This study aimed to delineate trajectories of work disability (WD) among individuals diagnosed with anxiety-, mood/affective-, or stress-related disorder in primary healthcare and to examine associations between trajectory group membership and sociodemographic, clinical, and clinical-related factors.

Methods: The study population included working-age individuals, aged 22-62 years, living in Stockholm County, Sweden, who experienced a new episode of any anxiety-, mood/affective, or stress-related disorder in primary healthcare in 2017 (N = 11,304).

Mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic: An international comparison of gender-related home and work-related responsibilities, and social support.

Unlabelled: PURPOSE  : To assess gender differences in COVID-19 related changes in home and work responsibilities longitudinally, and determine whether these differences, together with other potential risk and protective factors, are associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology.

Method: Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD were measured using an online survey instrument, between May 2020 and April 2021, in four waves completed at 3-monthly intervals. Analyses were based on data from the COvid MEntal healTh (COMET) survey which investigated the mental health effects of the COVID-19 outbreak spanning 13 countries on five continents in N = 7,909 participants.

Long-term follow-up on patient attitudes towards renewed ECT: A register-based cohort study.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). After receiving ECT for MDD there is a large risk of relapse within the first year. Patient attitudes towards renewed treatment could impact their decisions regarding future therapy.

Involuntary admissions for non-affective psychotic disorders in young refugees and peers in Denmark: A population cohort study.

Introduction: People with psychotic disorders are at increased risk of experiencing involuntary hospital admissions relative to other psychiatric patients. Within this group, refugees and other minority groups may be at even greater risk. However, little is known about the role of migration background in the risk of involuntary admissions around the time of first psychosis-related treatment.

Does job stress mediate the risk of work disability due to common mental disorders among social workers compared with other health and social care, education, and non-human service professionals? A prospective cohort study of public sector employees in Finland.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate (i) the risk of work disability (>10-day sickness absence spell or disability pension) due to common mental disorders (CMD) among social workers compared with other health and social care, education, and non-human service professionals and (ii) whether the risk was mediated by job stress.

Methods: A cohort of 16 306 public sector professionals in Finland was followed using survey data from baseline (2004 or if not available, 2008) on job stress [job strain or effort-reward imbalance (ERI)] and register data on work disability due to CMD from baseline through 2011. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk of work disability due to CMD between three occupation-pairs in a counterfactual setting, controlling for age, sex, job contract, body mass index, alcohol risk use, smoking, and physical inactivity.

Antipsychotic Use and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women With Severe Mental Illness: Replication of a Nationwide Nested Case-Control Database Study.

Background And Hypothesis: Breast cancer is more prevalent in women with severe mental illness than in the general population, and use of prolactin-increasing antipsychotics may be a contributing factor.

Study Design: A nested case-control study was conducted using the Swedish nationwide registers (inpatient/outpatient care, sickness absence, disability pension, prescribed drugs, cancers). All women aged 18-85 years with schizophrenia/schizoaffective/other nonaffective psychotic disorder/bipolar disorder and breast cancer (cases) were matched for age, primary psychiatric diagnosis, and disease duration with five women without cancer (controls).

Antipsychotic Use and Psychiatric Hospitalization in First-Episode Non-affective Psychosis and Cannabis Use Disorder: A Swedish Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background And Hypothesis: There is a paucity of research on treatment outcomes of patients with psychosis and cannabis use disorder (CUD). We aimed to compare the effectiveness of antipsychotics in reducing the risk of hospitalization in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and co-occurring CUD.

Study Design: We utilized a nationwide Swedish cohort of patients with longitudinal register data from the year 2006 to 2021.

Does country of resettlement influence the risk of labor market marginalization among refugees? A cohort study in Sweden and Norway.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the risk of labor market marginalization among refugees across different host countries of resettlement and examine the moderating role of birth country and length of stay on these associations.

Methods: Cohorts of refugees and native-born individuals aged 19-60 in Sweden (N=3 605 949, 3.5% refugees) and Norway (N=1 784 861, 1.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications and Work Disability and Mental Health Outcomes.

Importance: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have comorbid psychiatric conditions. Relatively little is known about how specific ADHD medications are associated with overall treatment outcomes among these patients.

Objective: To investigate the association of the use of specific ADHD medications with hospitalization outcomes and work disability among adolescents and adults with ADHD.

Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Model of Mortality Risk in First-Episode Psychosis.

Importance: There is an absence of mortality risk assessment tools in first-episode psychosis (FEP) that could enable personalized interventions.

Objective: To examine the feasibility of machine learning (ML) in discerning mortality risk in FEP and to assess whether such risk predictions can inform pharmacotherapy choices.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this prognostic study, Swedish nationwide cohort data (from July 1, 2006, to December 31, 2021) were harnessed for model development and validation.

Efficacy and effectiveness of antipsychotics in schizophrenia: network meta-analyses combining evidence from randomised controlled trials and real-world data.

Background: There is debate about the generalisability of results from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) to real-world settings. Studying outcomes of treatments for schizophrenia can shed light on this issue and inform treatment guidelines. We therefore compared the efficacy and effectiveness of antipsychotics for relapse prevention in schizophrenia and estimated overall treatment effects using all available RCT and real-world evidence.

Risk of unemployment and work disability among refugee and non-refugee migrants with incident psychotic disorders in Sweden and Denmark.

Background: Unemployment and work disability are common among individuals with non-affective psychotic disorders (NAPDs) but it is unknown whether rates differ among migrants and native-born individuals. The present study aimed to compare the risk of these outcomes during the first 5 years of illness in non-refugee migrants, refugees and native-born individuals with NAPDs in Sweden and Denmark-two countries with different immigration policies and models of early psychosis care.

Methods: Using national registers, we identified all individuals aged 18-35 years in Sweden and Denmark who received an incident NAPD diagnosis between 2006 and 2013 (N = 6750 and 8320, respectively).

Understanding the protective effect of social support on depression symptomatology from a longitudinal network perspective.

Background: Higher social support protects people from developing mental disorders. Limited evidence is available on the mechanism through which social support plays this protective role.

Objective: To investigate the stress-buffering process of social support on depressive symptoms using a novel longitudinal dynamic symptom network approach.

The risk and development of work disability among individuals with gambling disorder: a longitudinal case-cohort study in Sweden.

Background: This longitudinal register study aimed to investigate the association between gambling disorder (GD) and work disability and to map work disability in subgroups of individuals with GD, three years before and three years after diagnosis.

Methods: We included individuals aged 19-62 with GD between 2005 and 2018 ( = 2830; 71.1% men, mean age: 35.

Incidence of non-affective psychotic disorders in refugees and peers growing up in Denmark and Sweden: a registry linkage study.

Purpose: Higher rates of non-affective psychotic disorders (NAPD) in minority groups have been reported in many countries. However, few studies have explored how rates differ between refugees and other minority groups and none with an international comparative angle. A comparative perspective makes it possible to relate group differences to aspects national context that underpin the social determinants of disease.

Comparison of Hospitalization for Nonaffective Psychotic Disorders Among Refugee, Migrant, and Native-Born Adults in Sweden and Denmark.

Importance: Determining whether migrants with nonaffective psychotic disorders (NAPDs) experience poorer outcomes after illness onset is essential to ensure adequate health care provision to these disadvantaged populations.

Objective: To compare cumulative hospital days for NAPDs during the first 5 years of illness among refugee, nonrefugee, and second-generation migrants and their Swedish and Danish peers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prospective cohort study of individuals treated for incident NAPDs in inpatient or outpatient settings between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2013, and followed up for 5 years.