Background: Empirical studies have demonstrated associations between ten original adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multiple health outcomes. Identifying expanded ACEs can capture the burden of other childhood adversities that may have important health implications.
Objective: We sought to identify childhood adversities that warrant consideration as expanded ACEs.
Background: Agency - including the sub-domains of intrinsic agency, instrumental agency, and collective agency - is a critical component of the women's empowerment process. Self-efficacy (a component of intrinsic agency) may operate as a motivational influence for women to make choices according to their own preferences or goals, such that higher self-efficacy would be associated with more autonomous decision-making (a key component of instrumental agency).
Methods: We examine these relationships using mixed methods.