A systematic review of outcomes reported inpediatric perioperative research: A report from the Pediatric Perioperative Outcomes Group.

The Pediatric Perioperative Outcomes Group (PPOG) is an international collaborative of clinical investigators and clinicians within the subspecialty of pediatric anesthesiology and perioperative care which aims to use COMET (Core Outcomes Measures in Effectiveness Trials) methodology to develop core outcome setsfor infants, children and young people that are tailored to the priorities of the pediatric surgical population.Focusing on four age-dependent patient subpopulations determined a priori for core outcome set development: i) neonates and former preterm infants (up to 60 weeks postmenstrual age); ii) infants (>60 weeks postmenstrual age - <1 year); iii) toddlers and school age children (>1-<13 years); and iv) adolescents (>13-<18 years), we conducted a systematic review of outcomes reported in perioperative studies that include participants within age-dependent pediatric subpopulations. Our review of pediatric perioperative controlled trials published from 2008 to 2018 identified 724 articles reporting 3192 outcome measures.

Anesthesia for children with pericardial effusion: a case series.

Objectives And Aims:   To review the anesthetic management of children requiring surgical intervention for pericardial effusion, determine the nature and frequency of complications and define risk factors that predict perioperative risk.

Background: Anesthesia in the presence of a pericardial effusion may be associated with significant hemodynamic compromise particularly during induction. However, the literature specifically concerning children is limited to a single-case report.

Mammographic density and the risk of breast cancer recurrence after breast-conserving surgery.

Background: Women with invasive breast cancer who are treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy face a cumulative risk of local disease recurrence of approximately 10% at 10 years. To the authors' knowledge, the role of mammographic density as a risk factor for the development of local recurrence has not been thoroughly evaluated to date.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed for 335 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for invasive breast cancer and for whom a pretreatment mammogram was available.

Time to disease recurrence in basal-type breast cancers: effects of tumor size and lymph node status.

Background: : Basal-like breast cancers are a subgroup of breast cancers defined by the absence of staining for estrogen-receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) and by positive staining for the cytokeratins (CKs) expressed in the myoepithelial cells of the ducts and lobules (CK5/CK6, CK14) and for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This class of tumors has an unusually aggressive course, and it is not clear whether conventional prognostic factors for breast cancers also predict outcome for patients who have the basal phenotype.

Methods: : A panel of 962 breast cancers was stained for 5 markers (ER, PR, HER-2/neu, CK5/CK6, and EGFR).

Patterns of recurrence in the basal and non-basal subtypes of triple-negative breast cancers.

Traditional prognostic markers for breast cancer include estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (ER) and HER2/neu. Negative staining for these three markers defines the 'triple-negative' phenotype. By adding markers for cytokeratin 5/6 and EGFR, triple-negative breast cancers can be divided into 'basal-like' and 'normal-like' subgroups.

Pattern of metastatic spread in triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: The prognosis of women with triple-negative breast cancers (defined as cancers that are estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative and HER2/neu negative) is poor, compared to women with other subtypes of breast cancer. It is proposed that the underlying difference in recurrence rates may be explained in part by different routes of metastatic spread.

Experimental Design: We studied a cohort of 1608 patients diagnosed with breast cancer, diagnosed between January 1987 and December 1997 at Women's College Hospital in Toronto.

Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence.

Purpose: To compare the clinical features, natural history, and outcomes for women with "triple-negative" breast cancer with women with other types of breast cancer.

Experimental Design: We studied a cohort of 1,601 patients with breast cancer, diagnosed between January 1987 and December 1997 at Women's College Hospital in Toronto. Triple-negative breast cancers were defined as those that were estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, and HER2neu negative.

The role of reexcision for positive margins in optimizing local disease control after breast-conserving surgery for cancer.

One of the most important factors associated with local recurrence after lumpectomy in breast cancer patients is the status of the surgical margin. Standard surgical practice is to obtain clear margins even if this requires a second surgical procedure. It is assumed that reexcision to achieve clear margins when positive margins are present at initial excision is as effective as complete tumor removal at a single procedure; however, the efficacy of reexcision in this context has not been well studied.