Defining Duplex Ultrasound Criteria for In-Stent Restenosis of the Carotid Artery Using Computed Tomographic Angiography.

Introduction Duplex ultrasound (DUS) velocity measurement is the preferred method for evaluating carotid artery stenosis. However, velocity criteria based upon native carotid arteries may not apply to internal carotid artery stents. Previously, catheter-based angiography was used to determine DUS velocity criteria for in-stent restenosis (ISR), but conventional angiography is invasive and can be limited.

Outcomes of transcaval endoleak embolization via laser fenestration of the inferior vena cava following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

This report describes a single center experience with laser fenestration of the inferior vena cava for the treatment of type 2 endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Our technique is reviewed, and clinical data after treatment are reported. Twelve patients underwent transcaval embolization via laser fenestration.

High-fat diet exacerbates SIV pathogenesis and accelerates disease progression.

Consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor for obesity and diabetes; both of these diseases are also associated with systemic inflammation, similar to HIV infection. A HFD induces intestinal dysbiosis and impairs liver function and coagulation, with a potential negative impact on HIV/SIV pathogenesis. We administered a HFD rich in saturated fats and cholesterol to nonpathogenic (African green monkeys) and pathogenic (pigtailed macaques) SIV hosts.