Cancer-directed surgery in patients with metastatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized evidence.

Purpose: To assess the impact of primary-site surgery plus systemic therapy compared to systemic therapy alone on overall survival in common metastatic cancer types.

Methods: Data sources included Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science (January 1, 1995-March 22, 2023). Randomized controlled trials were included that enrolled patients diagnosed with the 10 most common de novo metastatic cancer types in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and randomized patients to resection of the primary site and systemic therapy versus systemic treatment alone.