Measuring characteristics of wild and cultivated food environments: a scoping review.

Background: Global food systems are essential to sustain life; however, unhealthy diets are the leading cause of poor health and death worldwide. Natural food environments are a critical source of healthful food such as fresh fruit and vegetables, lean meat and aquatic foods, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and Indigenous food systems. Understanding and monitoring natural food environments is critical to protecting the supply of healthy food, and the land and water it comes from, for current and future generations.

Comparison of Pericapsular Nerve Group and Lateral Quadratus Lumborum Blocks for Analgesia after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block both provide effective postoperative analgesia after hip surgery while minimizing impact on motor function. This study aimed to compare QLB and PENG in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty.

Methods: This superiority trial randomized patients scheduled for elective total hip arthroplasty to receive a lateral QLB or PENG with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia.

ChatGPT in Higher Education: Practical Ideas for Addressing Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Education.

Background: As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more prevalent in academic settings, there is a growing concern about maintaining a culture of integrity.

Method: This article explores the role of academic institutions and programs in fostering a culture of integrity in relation to AI.

Results: By implementing specific policies, integrating tools, and utilizing software for AI detection, academic institutions can establish a culture of integrity in relation to AI.

Cognitive performance and mortality among patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Objectives: Patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) are at risk for death and remain understudied relative to those undergoing allogeneic HCT. Cognitive functioning may be a useful indicator of mortality risk. We examined cognition among patients who underwent autologous HCT and its relationship to mortality.

Scaling up food pricing policies in the Pacific: a guide to action.

There are calls for governments around the world to adopt pricing policies, including taxes, subsidies and price controls that ensure all people have access to, and can afford, healthy diets. Despite the strong potential of pricing policies to promote healthy diets and to support a post-COVID-19 recovery, there are gaps in evidence with regard to 'how' to design and apply effective food taxes in practice, and countries report challenges in navigating the different policy options.In this practice piece, we examine the global evidence for food taxes with a view to identifying practical lessons for policy design, adoption and implementation, using the Pacific Islands Region as a case study.

Food price and availability in Solomon Islands during COVID-19: A food environment survey.

In Solomon Islands, the retail food environment is an important food source, for instance, the dominant source of fresh fruit and vegetables for urban consumers is open markets. The effects of COVID-19 mitigation measures (such as restriction of human movement and border closures) in early 2020 placed food security at risk in many parts of the community. Of particular concern was the risk of price gouging in an already price-sensitive market.

The 'Powerbite' and surgical rapid expansion.

Adults presenting with transverse maxillomandibular discrepancies in Class III skeletal patterns, asymmetries and anterior open bite can be challenging to treatment plan and manage. Therefore, they often necessitate a multidisciplinary approach, with surgical input from the oral and maxillofacial team. It can be difficult to assess how much the maxilla needs to be expanded after surgery in these patients, as the upper and lower teeth cannot be brought into occlusion.

Protecting noncommunicable disease prevention policy in trade and investment agreements.

Preventing noncommunicable diseases is a global priority, for which the World Health Organization has recommended policies to reduce the consumption of tobacco products, alcohol and unhealthy foods. However, regulation has been strongly opposed by affected industries, who have invoked the provisions of legally binding trade and investment agreements. The aim of this analysis of the legal, economic and public health literature was to present a short primer on the relationship between noncommunicable disease prevention policy and trade and investment agreements to help public health policy-makers safeguard public health policies.

A Comprehensive Approach to Assessment of Testamentary Capacity.

The growing aging population raises important implications for legal and clinical systems, including testamentary capacity (TC) assessment. Yet, there are limited comprehensive and standardized assessment measures for TC readily available for clinical use. A review of current assessment methods and standardized approaches for TC assessment is provided.

Examining racial disparities in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment.

Black individuals are less likely to receive an accurate diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than their White counterparts, possibly because diagnoses are typically made by a physician, often without reference to objective neuropsychological test data. We examined racial differences in actuarial MCI diagnoses among individuals diagnosed with MCI via semi-structured clinical interview (the Clinical Dementia Rating) to examine for possible biases in the diagnostic process. Participants were drawn from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set and included 491 individuals self-identifying as Black and 2,818 individuals self-identifying as White.

Trauma and Alcohol Use Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Women: An Examination of the Stress-Buffering Hypothesis of Social Support.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) women (i.e., individuals who were assigned male at birth and identify as women or trans women) experience trauma at disproportionate rates compared to cisgender populations.

Examination of race and gender differences in predictors of neuropsychological decline and development of Alzheimer's disease.

Black adults are diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at higher rates than White adults. Biopsychosocial risk factors that differentially affect individuals by race, including health, education, and APOE e4, may explain these findings. Some research suggests that the risk for AD associated with the APOE e4 allele may differ by race.

Self-reported functional impairment in college students: relationship to noncredible reporting, ADHD, psychological disorders, and other psychological factors.

Introduction: Both symptoms and functional impairment should be assessed in college students seeking evaluations for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, impairment is not specific to ADHD. Although it is well documented that self-reported symptoms can be reported noncredibly, there is less research examining credibility of self-reported impairment, and few clinicians rule out alternative causes for impairment.

Emotion dysregulation moderates the relationship between alcohol use and eating pathology among heavy-drinking college men.

Objectives: There is limited research examining the relationship between alcohol use and eating pathology in men or factors that may moderate this association. The current study investigated the relationship between alcohol use and eating pathology, and examined emotion dysregulation as a moderator of this association, among heavy-drinking college men.

Method: Men mandated to receive an alcohol intervention (N = 88; average age = 19 years) completed questionnaires related to alcohol use, emotion dysregulation, and eating pathology.

How impaired is too impaired? Exploring futile neuropsychological test patterns as a function of dementia severity and cognitive screening scores.

Some older adults cannot meaningfully participate in the testing portion of a neuropsychological evaluation due to significant cognitive impairments. There are limited empirical data on this topic. Thus, the current study sought to provide an operational definition for a futile testing profile and examine cognitive severity status and cognitive screening scores as predictors of testing futility at both baseline and first follow-up evaluations.

Gender minority stress, sleep disturbance, and sexual victimization in transgender and gender nonconforming adults.

Objective: The current study examined facets of gender minority stress (nonaffirmation, internalized transphobia) and protective factors (community connectedness, transgender identity pride) as potential moderators of the relationship between sexual victimization and sleep disturbances among transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) adults.

Methods: TGNC adults (n = 191) were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. The average age was 30.

Male Help-Seeking After Sexual Assault: A Series of Case Studies Informing Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Practice.

Background: A series of three composite case studies of cisgender men who presented to an emergency department for care after experiencing a sexual assault are presented. These cases show common assault characteristics including substance use, force, and multiple perpetrators.

Methods: We describe the sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) findings and treatment and provide legal details of specific cases when available.

The effectiveness of sterilization for flexible ureteroscopes: A real-world study.

Background: There are no guidelines or quality benchmarks specific to ureteroscope reprocessing, and patient injuries and infections have been linked to ureteroscopes. This prospective study evaluated ureteroscope reprocessing effectiveness.

Methods: Reprocessing practices at 2 institutions were assessed.

Hypoxia and Hypoglycemia synergistically regulate mRNA stability.

Ischemic events, common in many diseases, result from decreased blood flow and impaired delivery of oxygen and glucose to tissues of the body. While much is known about the cellular transcriptional response to ischemia, much less is known about the posttranscriptional response to oxygen and glucose deprivation. The goal of this project was to investigate one such posttranscriptional response, the regulation of mRNA stability.

Longitudinal assessment of reprocessing effectiveness for colonoscopes and gastroscopes: Results of visual inspections, biochemical markers, and microbial cultures.

Background: Flexible endoscopes are currently reused following cleaning and high-level disinfection. Contamination has been found on endoscopes, and infections have been linked to gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urologic endoscopes.

Methods: This longitudinal study involved visual inspections with a borescope, microbial cultures, and biochemical tests for protein and adenosine triphosphate to identify endoscopes in need of further cleaning or maintenance.

Simethicone residue remains inside gastrointestinal endoscopes despite reprocessing.

Background: During a study designed to assess endoscope reprocessing effectiveness, a borescope was used to examine lumens and ports. Cloudy, white, viscous fluid was observed inside fully reprocessed gastroscopes and colonoscopes. This fluid resembled simethicone, which is commonly administered to reduce foam and bubbles that impede visualization during gastrointestinal endoscopy.

The visual discrimination of negative facial expressions by younger and older adults.

Previous research has demonstrated that older adults are not as accurate as younger adults at perceiving negative emotions in facial expressions. These studies rely on emotion recognition tasks that involve choosing between many alternatives, creating the possibility that age differences emerge for cognitive rather than perceptual reasons. In the present study, an emotion discrimination task was used to investigate younger and older adults' ability to visually discriminate between negative emotional facial expressions (anger, sadness, fear, and disgust) at low (40%) and high (80%) expressive intensity.

Role for primary cilia in the regulation of mouse ovarian function.

Ift88 is a component of the intraflagellar transport complex required for formation and maintenance of cilia. Disruption of Ift88 results in depletion of cilia. The goal of the current study was to determine the role of primary cilia in ovarian function.

Efficiency of a two-item pre-screen to reduce the burden of depression screening in pregnancy and postpartum: an IMPLICIT network study.

Objective: Systems for efficient case finding of women with major depression during pregnancy and postpartum are needed. Here we assess the diagnostic accuracy of a modified 2-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2) as a pre-screen in assessing depression.

Methods: Cross-sectional assessments at 15 weeks' gestation (n = 414), 30 weeks' gestation (n = 334), and 6 to 16 weeks postpartum (n = 193) among women from a diverse set of races/ethnicities, participating in the IMPLICIT maternal care quality improvement network.