Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus affect body composition through infancy: the PONCH study.

Background: To determine how maternal obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affect infant body size and body composition during the first year of life.

Methods: Eighty three normal-weight (NW) women, 26 obese (OB) women, and 26 women with GDM were recruited during pregnancy. Infant body composition was determined by air-displacement plethysmography at 1 and 12 weeks, and anthropometric measurements made until 1 year of age.