Exercise and Cognitive Function in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Harms.

Key Points: Cognitive impairment is common in CKD. Exercise targets multiple risk factors of cognitive decline. Meta-analysis found that exercise had a small but positive effect on cognitive function in CKD, albeit the quality of evidence was low.

An enhanced fresh cadaveric model for reconstructive microsurgery training.

Background: Performing microsurgery requires a breadth and depth of experience that has arguably been reduced as result of diminishing operating exposure. Fresh frozen cadavers provide similar tissue handling to real-time operating; however, the bloodless condition restricts the realism of the simulation. We describe a model to enhance flap surgery simulation, in conjunction with qualitative assessment.