Causes of Moderate to Severe Visual Impairment and Blindness Among Children in Integrated Schools for the Blind and Visiting a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal: The Nepal Pediatric Visual Impairment (NPVI) Study.

Purpose: To study the causes of moderate and severe visual impairment (VI) and blindness and its changing trends in Nepalese children.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Participants, aged 7 to 17 years were recruited from integrated schools for the blind and the outpatient department of a tertiary eye hospital in Kathmandu.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a Nepali version of the Dutch Participation and Activity Inventory for Children and Youth (PAI - CY) with visual impairment.

Background: Visual impairment is an important cause of disability in children. There is a lack of information on rehabilitation needs and low vision support services for children with visual impairment in Nepal. This is a pilot study designed to translate, culturally adapt and pre-test the Dutch version of the Participation and Activity Inventory for Children and Youth (PAI-CY) with visual impairment aged 7-17 years to develop a Nepali version.

Quality of life and participation of young adults with a visual impairment aged 18-25 years: comparison with population norms.

Purpose: To compare health-related quality of life and participation of visually impaired young adults with normative groups, and to explore severity of vision loss and its association with participation and quality of life.

Methods: Young adults aged 18-25 years (n = 172) registered at two Dutch low vision rehabilitation organizations completed the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) and Low Vision Quality of Life questionnaire (LVQOL). EQ-5D and SF-36 scores were compared to age-specific norms.

Psychometric properties of a new intake questionnaire for visually impaired young adults: The Participation and Activity Inventory for Young Adults (PAI-YA).

Background: To be able to identify and monitor personal needs and goals of visually impaired young adults before and during rehabilitation trajectories, the Participation and Activity for Young Adults (PAI-YA) was developed involving young adults (18-25 years) and professionals as stakeholders. The psychometric properties of this new patient-reported outcome measure were investigated in order to develop an improved version.

Methods: Young adults registered at two low vision rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands were invited to complete the 141-item PAI-YA (n = 186) in a test-retest design.

Feasibility of the Participation and Activity Inventory for Children and Youth (PAI-CY) and Young Adults (PAI-YA) with a visual impairment: a pilot study.

Background: Having a visual impairment affects quality of life, daily functioning and participation. To assess rehabilitation needs of visually impaired children and young adults, the Participation and Activity Inventory for Children and Youth (PAI-CY) and Young Adults (PAI-YA) were developed. The PAI-CY comprises four questionnaires for different age categories: 0-2 years, 3-6 years, 7-12 years and 13-17 years.

Impact of visual impairment on the lives of young adults in the Netherlands: a concept-mapping approach.

Purpose: While the impact of visual impairments on specific aspects of young adults' lives is well recognised, a systematic understanding of its impact on all life aspects is lacking. This study aims to provide an overview of life aspects affected by visual impairment in young adults (aged 18-25 years) using a concept-mapping approach.

Method: Visually impaired young adults (n = 22) and rehabilitation professionals (n = 16) participated in online concept-mapping workshops (brainstorm procedure), to explore how having a visual impairment influences the lives of young adults.

Comprehending the impact of low vision on the lives of children and adolescents: a qualitative approach.

Purpose: To develop a comprehensive, conceptual model detailing the aspects of a child's life (<18 years) that are affected by low vision.

Methods: Three stakeholders were involved in the developmental process of the conceptual model: children and adolescents with a visual impairment (n = 40), parents of children with a visual impairment (n = 25) and professionals of multidisciplinary rehabilitation centres and specialised schools (n = 25). Qualitative methods including focus groups, online and face-to-face brainstorming sessions and concept mapping were used to investigate the impact of visual impairment on the lives of children and adolescents and to create the conceptual model.