The Problem and Power of Professionalism: A Critical Analysis of Medical Students' and Residents' Perspectives and Experiences of Professionalism.

Purpose: Professionalism has historically been viewed as an honorable code to define core values and behaviors of physicians, but there are growing concerns that professionalism serves to control people who do not align with the majority culture of medicine. This study explored how learners, particularly those from historically marginalized groups, view the purpose of professionalism and how they experience professionalism as both an oppressive and valuable force.

Method: The authors conducted a qualitative study with a critical orientation.

The impact of an autonomous nurse-led high-flow nasal cannula oxygen protocol on clinical outcomes of infants with bronchiolitis.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of the implementation of a nurse-led high-flow nasal cannula oxygen protocol on the clinical outcomes of infants with bronchiolitis in a regional paediatric unit.

Background: Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory illness and is the leading cause for hospitalisation of infants globally. Standard care involves the provision of supportive measures.

The Validity of MCAT Scores in Predicting Students' Performance and Progress in Medical School: Results From a Multisite Study.

Purpose: This is the first multisite investigation of the validity of scores from the current version of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) in clerkship and licensure contexts. It examined the predictive validity of MCAT scores and undergraduate grade point averages (UGPAs) for performance in preclerkship and clerkship courses and on the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge examinations. It also studied students' progress in medical school.

How to Eliminate a Deficit-Centered Mindset About Medical Students of Color.

Approaches to responding to racial and ethnic health inequity in the United States have had limited impact over the past 40 years. Efforts to increase the number of medical students of color are undermined by hyperfocus and overreliance on and misinterpretation and misuse of standardized examination scores. Structural racism and persistence of deficit-focused interventions undermine appreciation of the value that students and physicians with minoritized identities bring to medicine and to US health care's systemic capacity to motivate equity.

A Model Partnership: Mentoring Underrepresented Students in Medicine (URiM) in Emergency Medicine.

Introduction: Creating a racially and ethnically diverse workforce remains a challenge for medical specialties, including emergency medicine (EM). One area to examine is a partnership between a predominantly white institution (PWI) with a historically black college and university (HBCU) to determine whether this partnership would increase the number of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) in EM who are from a HBCU.

Methods: Twenty years ago Emory Department of Emergency Medicine began its collaboration with Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM) to provide guidance to MSM students who were interested in EM.

Morehouse School of Medicine Case Study: Teacher-Learner Relationships Free of Bias and Discrimination.

Bias can impact all aspects of human interactions and have major impacts on the education and evaluation of health care professionals. Health care and health professions education, being very dependent on interpersonal interactions and learning as well as on the assessment of interpersonal behaviors and skills, are particularly susceptible to the positive and negative effects of bias. Even trained and experienced evaluators can be affected by biases based on appearance, attractiveness, charm, accent, speech impediment, and other factors that should not play a role in the assessment of a skill.

The Validity of Scores From the New MCAT Exam in Predicting Student Performance: Results From a Multisite Study.

Purpose: The new Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) was introduced in April 2015. This report presents findings from the first study of the validity of scores from the new MCAT exam in predicting student performance in the first year of medical school (M1).

Method: The authors analyzed data from the national population of 2016 matriculants with scores from the new MCAT exam (N = 7,970) and the sample of 2016 matriculants (N = 955) from 16 medical schools who volunteered to participate in the validity research.

Effect of a small-group, active learning, tutorial-based, in-course enrichment program on student performance in medical physiology.

Physiology is one of the major foundational sciences for the medical curriculum. This discipline has proven challenging for students to master due to ineffective content acquisition and retention. Preliminary data obtained from a survey completed by "low-performance" students (those maintaining a grade average below the passing mark of 70%) at Morehouse School of Medicine reported that students lacked the ability to adequately recognize and extract important physiological concepts to successfully navigate multiple-choice assessments.

Remarkable similarities in four list theories of a good life for people with intellectual disability.

A good life is the ultimate goal of a number of theories and approaches to providing supports and services for people with intellectual disability. This article examines four list theories of a good life for people with intellectual disability. Twelve themes of a good life were identified using a basic or conventional content analysis: higher meaning and purpose, respect, rights, social inclusion and belonging, close relationships, contribution, voice and choice, emotional well-being, growth and development, home, materiality, and health.

Shifting the Curve: Fostering Academic Success in a Diverse Student Body.

Problem: Diversity in the health care workforce is key to achieving health equity. Although U.S.

Visual indictment: a contextual analysis of the Kallikak Family photographs.

The Kallikak Family is a pre-eminent text in the history of mental retardation and psychology in which Goddard (1912) claimed he proved the heritability of feeble-mindedness and the necessity of institutionalization. The book contains 14 photographs, some of which have been retouched. These photographs were interpreted in this paper within the context of clinical photography of the feeble-minded during the eugenics era, and the conclusion was made that the photographs are masterpieces of visual indictment propaganda that worked on the levels of assumed scientific objectivity, hovel imagery, mutually amplifying juxtapositions, stereotypic images of imbecility, and religious symbolism to achieve persuasiveness.

Believing is seeing: visual conventions in Barr's classification of the "feeble-minded".

The eugenics era (c. 1900-1930) produced a strong desire among mental retardation professionals to recognize and control "the feeble-minded." Some eugenicists believed it was possible to classify individuals visually by learning to recognize what they believed to be observable characteristics of idiocy and imbecility.

The Hissom closure outcomes study: a report on six years of movement to supported living.

Changes in quality of life observed in 254 people with developmental disabilities who moved from a large state institution to supported living settings as a result of a court ordered closure of Hissom Memorial Center in Oklahoma were reported. Using pre-post measures on a multitude of qualities of life, we measured significant improvements between 1990 and 1995 in class members' adaptive and challenging behaviors, participation in employment, number of hours of developmentally oriented services, opportunities for integration, frequency of contact with relatives, and use of antipsychotic medications. We noted concern regarding health care, where there was a need for easier access to health professionals in community settings.

'I'm OK; you're not': medical socialization and psychosomatic illness.

While it is widely recognized that there is universal experience of somatic manifestations of emotional responses, the objective mode used in teaching medical students about medical and psychiatric conditions ignores these common subjective experiences. The usual self-protective mind-set of the student or physician approaching a patient with psychosomatic complaints is often one of 'I'm OK, you're not'. Perhaps by emphasizing a recognition of the universality of psychosomatic experiences with a difference in degree, we can enhance the ability of students to assume an empathic approach to psychosomatic complaints and decrease the stigma felt by patients with such problems.

Popular press diagnoses and psychiatric diagnoses.

The symptom spectra of several 'popular press' diagnoses are examined and compared to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IIIR criteria for somatization disorder, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder. While there is much overlap, there are clear distinctions, and these psychiatric terms do not adequately coincide with the symptom spectra of these disorders. These conditions may represent 'neuroendocrine dysrhythmias' - abnormal/normal physiological dysfunctions with psychodynamic roots and/or influences.