An Atypical Finding of Peripheral Retinal Ischemia and Neovascularization in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic multisystem phakomatosis that can affect the skin, bones, and nervous system. NF1 typically presents with skin lesions, including freckles, café-au-lait macules, plexiform neurofibromas, and bony dysplasia, and is usually accompanied by a family history of the disorder. Ocular manifestations vary, but iris Lisch nodules and optic nerve gliomas are the most common features.

A case of retinoblastoma masquerading as endophthalmitis: Unusual presentation and clinicopathological correlation.

Introduction: Retinoblastoma is a serious childhood intraocular neoplasm that can be diagnosed clinically with the aid of B-scan ultrasound, and radiological examination. On the other hand, the differential diagnosis includes benign and other masquerading conditions such as uveitis and endophthalmitis thus adding challenge to the proper diagnosis.

Presentation Of Case: A six-year-old girl presented with leukocoria and decreased vision of the right eye.

Superior rectus/levator complex in acquired anophthalmic socket repaired with spheric implant-a computed tomography scan and topographic study.

Aim: To determine whether the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS)/superior rectus (SR) muscle complex, can influence the position of the upper lid and fornix in acquired anophthalmic sockets.

Methods: This comparative non-randomized and non-interventional study included retrospective data of 21 patients with unilateral acquired anophthalmic sockets repaired with spheric implants. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) measurements of the LPM/SR muscle complex and clinical topographic position of the upper lid, superior and inferior fornix depth in primary gaze position were evaluated.

An advanced case of pediatric ciliary body medulloepithelioma with detailed literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Medulloepithelioma is the second most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in children but is often diagnosed late, which worsens the prognosis.

Case Presentation: We are reporting a 6-year-old boy presenting with a ciliary body (CB) teratoid malignant medulloepithelioma (TMM), which was missed at the initial presentation. We added our case to the 97 previously reported cases in our literature review that were confirmed by cytological or histopathological examination.

Isolated bilateral orbital and paranasal Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting two brothers: a case report and a systematic literature review.

A systematic literature review revealed 88 Rosai-Dorfman Disease (RDD) cases affecting the orbit. We present a review of the literature on orbital RDD in addition to two brothers with isolated bilateral extra-nodal orbital RDD cases associated with G-6PD deficiency. The disease manifested as asymmetric extensive orbital and paranasal sinus infiltration, with orbital bone destruction.

Olfactory Neuroblastoma: An Unusual Ocular Presentation.

We report a case of 51-year-old medically healthy male who presented with gradual painless diminution of vision in both eyes for 3 months. His visual acuity was hand movement perception in the right eye, and no light perception in the left eye. The intraocular pressure, external eye examination, ocular motility and anterior segment examinations were normal.

Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome: A case report and literature review.

We report a healthy 18-year-old male Saudi with bilateral agenesis of the lacrimal puncta and canaliculi associated with large dacryocystocele on the right side without tearing or inflammation, detected in conjunction with other characteristic features of lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital dysplasia syndrome. Computed tomography scan indicated that dacryocystoceles were bilateral and asymmetrical, with large dimensions at the right side and associated to a right side maxillary sinus mucocele. The right dacryocystocele was surgically removed, and the histology indicated characteristics of the lacrimal sac.

Recurrent Oncocytoma of the Lacrimal Sac.

Oncocytoma of the lacrimal sac is an extremely rare tumor. In this report, we present the case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with swelling in the region of the lacrimal sac. Systemic examination and ophthalmic examination of both eyes were unremarkable.

Heavy eye syndrome in a myopic patient with prior scleral buckle surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: Differential diagnosis and management.

Purpose: To present a challenging case of heavy eye syndrome (HES) in a 56-year-old female who previously underwent scleral buckle surgery in both eyes.

Observations: Ophthalmic tests indicated a diagnosis of HES, confirmed using pre and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A silicone band loop myopexy was performed, successfully improving large angle esotropia at primary position and motility.

Orbital and periorbital migration of silicone oil associated with emphysema development after retinal detachment repair - Case report and literature review.

Purpose: To report a very rare case of silicone oil (SO) migration and emphysema development in the orbit and periorbital tissue, including the lids and subconjunctival space, after a fourth pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retinal detachment (RD) treatment.

Observations: A 53-year-old woman with a recurrent rhegmatogenous RD in the right eye underwent a fourth PPV under local anesthesia and 23-gauge vitrectomy with fluid-air exchange and SO injection. Localized choroidal detachment occurred during fluid-air exchange near the end of the surgery.

Lacrimal Gland Lesions Biopsied in a Tertiary Eye Center in Saudi Arabia: A Clinical, Radiological, Surgical, and Histological Review.

Purpose: To study the demographics and clinical presentation of biopsied lacrimal gland lesions in a tertiary eye center and determine the accuracy of radiological imaging and blood investigations in reaching the diagnosis. We also studied the histopathological outcome of different lacrimal gland biopsy approaches.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of patients' charts from 2014 to 2021 who underwent lacrimal gland biopsy.

Outcomes of the use of orbital hydrogel expanders in the management of congenital anophthalmia: CT-based orbital parameter analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of orbital hydrogel expanders in the management of congenital anophthalmia.

Methods: In this retrospective one-armed cohort study, a chart review was performed of eight children with congenital anophthalmia who underwent orbital expansion using orbital hydrogel tissue expander from January 2006 to July 2018. Computed tomography (CT) of orbital parameters was evaluated before and after surgery.

Invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis with brain invasion in an immunocompetent pregnant patient.

Purpose: Invasive Fungal Sinusitis (IFS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can progress rapidly to the orbit and the brain, especially if it goes on undetected for a long period. We report a case of a 28-year-old pregnant woman in her second trimester with sino-orbital and subsequent brain involvement who tragically developed deterioration of her neurological status and a spontaneous abortion.

Observations: The patient presented to the ophthalmology emergency department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, complaining of left upper eyelid fullness with a palpable eyelid mass and chronic relapsing remitting dull pain for 4 months.

Acute dacryocystitis retention: a case report and literature review.

Acute dacryocystitis retention (ADR) is an unusual entity that contributes to an incorrect diagnosis and treatment. We describe a case of acute dacryocystitis retention occurring in a 61-year-old diabetic male who presented with severe pain, swelling, and inflammatory signs above the left medial canthal ligament tendon. He had no previous history of epiphora.

Acute unilateral vision loss and bilateral cerebral infarction following cosmetic filler injection.

The current case report describes acute unilateral vision loss and bilateral cerebral infarction as devastating complications following cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid to the nasal bridge in a 34-year-old female. The patient reported the onset of sudden eye pain, headache, and vision loss in her right eye. At the initial visit to the hospital, the patient had no light perception in the right eye.

A Case of Escherichia coli Endogenous Panophthalmitis and Orbital Cellulitis With Normal Workup for Primary Focus.

We describe a case of a poorly controlled diabetic patient with left endogenous panophthalmitis with orbital cellulitis and positive ocular culture of with negative systemic workup and rare clinical presentation. Was misdiagnosed and mismanaged as acute angle-closure glaucoma. Despite medical treatment with intravenous antibiotics, the patient required evisceration of the left eye as a result of the delay in diagnosis and treatment.

Renal abscesses and endogenous endophthalmitis due to hypermucoviscous hypervirulent (HVKP).

We describe a diabetic patient with left eye endogenous endophthalmitis due to hypervirulent hypermucoviscous (HKVP) originating from right renal abscesses. A rare source of HVKP causing endogenous endophthalmitis. Despite treatment with intravenous ceftazidime and pars plana vitrectomy, the patient required evisceration of the left eye.

Adult presentation of retinoblastoma in Saudi patient.

To describe an unusual case of retinoblastoma in adult Saudi. A 21-year-old Saudi male developed acute unilateral visual loss due to a large intraocular lesion in his left eye. Within five days of presentation, the tumor enlarged rapidly causing angle closure glaucoma and orbital cellulitis like picture.

Isolated traumatic optic nerve avulsion in a boy who suffered a horse kick.

We report a case with traumatic avulsion of optic nerve caused by a horse kick in a child that caused loss of vision. Optic nerve avulsion is a rare injury usually associated with maxillofacial structures. Our patient had no light perception in the left eye.

Histopathological assessment of optic nerve invasion guided by radiological findings in enucleated globes with retinoblastoma.

Background: Optic nerve (ON) invasion is an important high-risk feature, and an indicator for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis. We aim through this study to correlate the detected-ON invasion by Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the corresponding confirmed histopathological level of invasion.

Methods: A retrospective study of enucleated globes with the diagnosis of retinoblastoma received in the histopathology department(s) from January 2015 to December 2016 (2 years).

Orbital myeloid sarcoma (chloroma): Report of 2 cases and literature review.

Purpose: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) of the orbit is an uncommon condition in occurring in children, generally coupled to myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Observations: We describe two rare cases of orbital MS in young boys with aggressive local symptoms but without evidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), both patients underwent orbitotomy for gross-tumor resection and biopsy. At follow up, there was no evidence of recurrence nor evolution of the myeloproliferative neoplasms clinically and by radiological and laboratory work-up.

Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma: An assessment of the T classification of the American Joint Committee of Cancer TNM staging system 8th versus 7th edition.

Purpose: To assess the prognostic values of the T classification of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee of Cancer staging system and compare it to the 7th edition.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients with eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma. The primary outcome measure was the differences between outcomes when tumors were staged with either 7th or 8th edition.

Involvement of Multiple Trigeminal Nerve Branches in IgG4-Related Orbital Disease.

Purpose: To describe the occurrence of multiple trigeminal nerves (TGNs) enlargement in patients with orbital IgG4-related disease.

Methods: Retrospective review of MRI findings and medical records of 6 patients (10 orbits) with orbital IgG4-related disease and enlargement of more than 1 TGN. Orbital biopsies were performed in all cases revealing the typical lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with significant plasma cell positivity for IgG4 (IgG4+/IgG ratio ≥ 40%).