Kava decreases the stereotyped behavior induced by amphetamine in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Kava extract (Piper methysticum) is a phytotherapic mainly used for the treatment of anxiety. Although the reported effects of Kava drinking improving psychotic symptoms of patients when it was introduced to relieve anxiety in aboriginal communities, its effects on models of psychosis-like symptoms are not investigated.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the effects of Kava extract on behavioral changes induced by amphetamine (AMPH) and its possible relation with alterations in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity.

Gabapentin reduces haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements in mice.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a common adverse effect observed in patients with long-term use of typical antipsychotic medications. A vacuous chewing movement (VCM) model induced by haloperidol has been used to study these abnormalities in experimental animals. The cause of TD and its treatment remain unknown, but several lines of evidence suggest that dopamine receptor supersensitivity and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) insufficiency play important roles in the development of TD.

Resveratrol Protects Against Vacuous Chewing Movements Induced by Chronic Treatment with Fluphenazine.

Typical antipsychotics, which are commonly used to treat schizophrenia, cause motor disorders such as tardive dyskinesia (TD) in humans and orofacial dyskinesia (OD) in rodents. The disease mechanisms as well as treatment effectiveness are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol, a polyphenol with neuroprotective properties, on behavioral changes induced by chronic treatment with fluphenazine in rats and the possible relationship between monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and vacuous chewing movements (VCMs).

Harpagophytum Procumbens Ethyl Acetate Fraction Reduces Fluphenazine-Induced Vacuous Chewing Movements and Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain.

Long-term treatment with fluphenazine is associated with manifestation of extrapyramidal side effects, such as tardive dyskinesia. The molecular mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of TD remain unclear, and several hypotheses, including a role for oxidative stress, have been proposed. Harpagophytum procumbens is an herbal medicine used mainly due to anti-inflammatory effects, but it also exhibits antioxidant effects.

Effects of diphenyl diselenide on behavioral and biochemical changes induced by amphetamine in mice.

Diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, an organoselenium compound, has been studied as a potential pharmacological agent in different in vitro and in vivo models, mainly due to its antioxidant properties. However, there are few studies concerning the effects of (PhSe)2 on dopaminergic system. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of acute and sub-chronic treatment of (PhSe)2 on amphetamine-induced behavioral and biochemical parameters.

Antidepressant-like effect of Ilex paraguariensis in rats.

In this study, we investigated the possible antidepressant-like effect of I. paraguariensis in rats. Rats were treated for four weeks with an aqueous extract of I.

Anandamide attenuates haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements in rats.

Antipsychotics may cause tardive dyskinesia in humans and orofacial dyskinesia in rodents. Although the dopaminergic system has been implicated in these movement disorders, which involve the basal ganglia, their underlying pathomechanisms remain unclear. CB1 cannabinoid receptors are highly expressed in the basal ganglia, and a potential role for endocannabinoids in the control of basal ganglia-related movement disorders has been proposed.