Chromosome-scale Elaeis guineensis and E. oleifera assemblies: comparative genomics of oil palm and other Arecaceae.

Elaeis guineensis and E. oleifera are the two species of oil palm. E.

NAD activates renal metabolism and protects from chronic kidney disease in a model of Alport syndrome.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with renal metabolic disturbances, including impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD ) is a small molecule that participates in hundreds of metabolism-related reactions. NAD levels are decreased in CKD, and NAD supplementation is protective.

Estrogen-Related Receptor Agonism Reverses Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in the Aging Kidney.

A gradual decline in renal function occurs even in healthy aging individuals. In addition to aging, per se, concurrent metabolic syndrome and hypertension, which are common in the aging population, can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, which collectively contribute to age-related kidney dysfunction and disease. This study examined the role of the nuclear hormone receptors, the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), in regulation of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation.

Small RNAs and Karma methylation in Elaeis guineensis mother palms are linked to high clonal mantling.

The mantled phenotype is an abnormal somaclonal variant arising from the oil palm cloning process and severe phenotypes lead to oil yield losses. Hypomethylation of the Karma retrotransposon within the B-type MADS-box EgDEF1 gene has been associated with this phenotype. While abnormal Karma-EgDEF1 hypomethylation was detected in mantled clones, we examined the methylation state of Karma in ortets that gave rise to high mantling rates in their clones.

Comparative Genomics Analysis of Repetitive Elements in Ten Gymnosperm Species: "Dark Repeatome" and Its Abundance in Conifer and Species.

Repetitive elements (RE) and transposons (TE) can comprise up to 80% of some plant genomes and may be essential for regulating their evolution and adaptation. The "repeatome" information is often unavailable in assembled genomes because genomic areas of repeats are challenging to assemble and are often missing from final assembly. However, raw genomic sequencing data contain rich information about RE/TEs.

DNA methylation changes in clonally propagated oil palm.

Several hypomethylated sites within the Karma region of EgDEF1 and hotspot regions in chromosomes 1, 2, 3, and 5 may be associated with mantling. One of the main challenges faced by the oil palm industry is fruit abnormalities, such as the "mantled" phenotype that can lead to reduced yields. This clonal abnormality is an epigenetic phenomenon and has been linked to the hypomethylation of a transposable element within the EgDEF1 gene.