Campylobacteriosis Outbreak Linked to Municipal Water, Nebraska, USA, 2021.

In September 2021, eight campylobacteriosis cases were identified in a town in Nebraska, USA. We assessed potential exposures for a case-control analysis. We conducted whole-genome sequencing on Campylobacter isolates from patients' stool specimens.

LGBT Cultural Competence of Acute Care Nurses.

This study implemented an educational intervention to increase lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) cultural competence among nurses using a pretest-posttest design. A statistically significant increase in cultural competence was identified. Once informed of the health status disparities among this demographic, nurses can influence healthcare environments and promote policies to be inclusive of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients.

Identification and Characterization of a Putative Manganese Export Protein in Vibrio cholerae.

Unlabelled: Manganese plays an important role in the cellular physiology and metabolism of bacterial species, including the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae The intracellular level of manganese ions is controlled through coordinated regulation of the import and export of this element. We have identified a putative manganese exporter (VC0022), named mneA (manganese exporter A), which is highly conserved among Vibrio spp. An mneA mutant exhibited sensitivity to manganese but not to other cations.

Vibrio cholerae FeoA, FeoB, and FeoC Interact To Form a Complex.

Unlabelled: Feo is the major ferrous iron transport system in prokaryotes. Despite having been discovered over 25 years ago and found to be widely distributed among bacteria, Feo is poorly understood, as its structure and mechanism of iron transport have not been determined. The feo operon in Vibrio cholerae is made up of three genes, encoding the FeoA, FeoB, and FeoC proteins, which are all required for Feo system function.

Vibrio Iron Transport: Evolutionary Adaptation to Life in Multiple Environments.

Iron is an essential element for Vibrio spp., but the acquisition of iron is complicated by its tendency to form insoluble ferric complexes in nature and its association with high-affinity iron-binding proteins in the host. Vibrios occupy a variety of different niches, and each of these niches presents particular challenges for acquiring sufficient iron.

Nonredundant Roles of Iron Acquisition Systems in Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, thrives in both marine environments and the human host. To do so, it must encode the tools necessary to acquire essential nutrients, including iron, under these vastly different conditions. A number of V.

Catechol Siderophore Transport by Vibrio cholerae.

Unlabelled: Siderophores, small iron-binding molecules secreted by many microbial species, capture environmental iron for transport back into the cell. Vibrio cholerae synthesizes and uses the catechol siderophore vibriobactin and also uses siderophores secreted by other species, including enterobactin produced by Escherichia coli. E.

FeoA and FeoC are essential components of the Vibrio cholerae ferrous iron uptake system, and FeoC interacts with FeoB.

The ferrous iron transport system Feo is widely distributed among bacterial species, yet its physical structure and mechanism of iron transport are poorly understood. In Vibrio cholerae, the feo operon consists of three genes, feoABC. feoB encodes an 83-kDa protein with an amino-terminal GTPase domain and a carboxy-terminal domain predicted to be embedded in the inner membrane.

The Vibrio cholerae VctPDGC system transports catechol siderophores and a siderophore-free iron ligand.

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has an absolute requirement for iron. It transports the catechol siderophores vibriobactin, which it synthesizes and secretes, and enterobactin. These siderophores are transported across the inner membrane by one of two periplasmic binding protein-dependent ABC transporters, VctPDGC or ViuPDGC.

Genetics and virulence association of the Shigella flexneri sit iron transport system.

The sit-encoded iron transport system is present within pathogenicity islands in all Shigella spp. and some pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. The islands contain numerous insertion elements and sequences with homology to bacteriophage genes.

Genetics and environmental regulation of Shigella iron transport systems.

Shigella spp. have transport systems for both ferric and ferrous iron. The iron can be taken up as free iron or complexed to a variety of carriers.

Vibrio cholerae VciB promotes iron uptake via ferrous iron transporters.

Vibrio cholerae uses a variety of strategies for obtaining iron in its diverse environments. In this study we report the identification of a novel iron utilization protein in V. cholerae, VciB.

Iron acquisition in Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has an absolute requirement for iron and must obtain this element in the human host as well as in its varied environmental niches. It has multiple systems for iron acquisition, including the TonB-dependent transport of heme, the endogenous siderophore vibriobactin and several siderophores that are produced by other microorganisms. There is also a Feo system for the transport of ferrous iron and an ABC transporter, Fbp, which transports ferric iron.

Characterization of ferric and ferrous iron transport systems in Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholerae has multiple iron acquisition systems, including TonB-dependent transport of heme and of the catechol siderophore vibriobactin. Strains defective in both of these systems grow well in laboratory media and in the infant mouse intestine, indicating the presence of additional iron acquisition systems. Previously uncharacterized potential iron transport systems, including a homologue of the ferrous transporter Feo and a periplasmic binding protein-dependent ATP binding cassette (ABC) transport system, termed Fbp, were identified in the V.

Iron and pathogenesis of Shigella: iron acquisition in the intracellular environment.

Shigella species are able to grow in a variety of environments, including intracellularly in host epithelial cells. Shigella have a number of different iron transport systems that contribute to their ability to grow in these diverse environments. Siderophore iron uptake systems, heme transporters, and ferric and ferrous iron transport systems are present in these bacteria, and the genes encoding some of these systems appear to have spread among the Shigella species by horizontal transmission.

Iron and fur regulation in Vibrio cholerae and the role of fur in virulence.

Regulation of iron uptake and utilization is critical for bacterial growth and for prevention of iron toxicity. In many bacterial species, this regulation depends on the iron-responsive master regulator Fur. In this study we report the effects of iron and Fur on gene expression in Vibrio cholerae.

Shigella dysenteriae ShuS promotes utilization of heme as an iron source and protects against heme toxicity.

Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, a major cause of bacillary dysentery in humans, can use heme as a source of iron. Genes for the transport of heme into the bacterial cell have been identified, but little is known about proteins that control the fate of the heme molecule after it has entered the cell. The shuS gene is located within the heme transport locus, downstream of the heme receptor gene shuA.

HutZ is required for efficient heme utilization in Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, requires iron for growth. One mechanism by which it acquires iron is the uptake of heme, and several heme utilization genes have been identified in V. cholerae.

Identification of the Vibrio cholerae enterobactin receptors VctA and IrgA: IrgA is not required for virulence.

The gram-negative enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae requires iron for growth. V. cholerae has multiple iron acquisition systems, including utilization of heme and hemoglobin, synthesis and transport of the catechol siderophore vibriobactin, and transport of several siderophores that it does not itself make.