Genome sequences of two phages isolated from wastewater treatment samples that infect a clinical isolate.

We announce the complete genomes of phages ValerieMcCarty03 and ValerieMcCarty04 isolated from wastewater treatment plant samples that infect a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate. These phages belong to the T4-like cluster and fall within the genus.

The great divide: rhamnolipids mediate separation between and .

The interactions between bacterial species during infection can have significant impacts on pathogenesis. and are opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can co-infect hosts and cause serious illness. The factors that dictate whether one species outcompetes the other or whether the two species coexist are not fully understood.

On the murky dissociation between expression and communication.

The authors present an ambitious attempt to outline the gradual evolution of the cognitive foundations of ostensive communication. We focus on three problematic aspects of the distinction between and : ambiguity in the distinction's central principle of "complementary mechanisms," inconsistencies in the application of the distinction across taxa, and the dismissal of mentalizing in nonhuman primates.

secreted cytotoxins are competition sensing signals for .

Coinfection with two notorious opportunistic pathogens, the Gram-negative and Gram-positive , dominates chronic pulmonary infections. While coinfection is associated with poor patient outcomes, the interspecies interactions responsible for such decline remain unknown. Here, we dissected molecular mechanisms of interspecies sensing between and .

Primate cognition in zoos: Reviewing the impact of zoo-based research over 15 years.

Primate cognition research is reliant on access to members of the study sp ecies and logistical infrastructures to conduct observations and experiments. Historically founded in research centers and private collections, and spreading to modern zoos, sanctuaries, and the field, primate cognition has been investigated in diverse settings, each with benefits and challenges. In our systematic review of 12 primatology, animal behavior, and animal cognition journals over the last 15 years, we turn a spotlight on zoos to quantify their current impact on the field and to highlight their potential as robust contributors to future work.

Inferential Communication: Bridging the Gap Between Intentional and Ostensive Communication in Non-human Primates.

Communication, when defined as an act intended to affect the psychological state of another individual, demands the use of inference. Either the signaler, the recipient, or both must make leaps of understanding which surpass the semantic information available and draw from pragmatic clues to fully imbue and interpret meaning. While research into human communication and the evolution of language has long been comfortable with mentalistic interpretations of communicative exchanges, including rich attributions of mental state, research into animal communication has balked at theoretical models which describe mentalized cognitive mechanisms.

Promoting Cardiac Rehabilitation in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Quality Initiative Based on Education, Automated Referral, and Multidisciplinary Rounds.

Cardiac rehabilitation is a class 1 recommendation for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. However, only 1 in 5 ACS patients are referred for cardiac rehabilitation nationally, and even fewer at our institution. We sought to improve the number of referrals to cardiac rehabilitation for post-ACS patients admitted to our inpatient cardiology service, and ultimately their participation in the program.

Effect of Medication Adherence and Early Follow-Up on Unplanned Readmission Post-Myocardial Infarction: Quality Improvement in a Safety Net Hospital.

Medication nonadherence is a strong predictor of adverse events and unplanned 30-day readmissions in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Nonadherence with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is of particular concern in post-MI patients, given the high rate of percutaneous coronary intervention in this population. Review of post-MI quality measures revealed that compared to national benchmarks, our safety net hospital had lower DAPT adherence rates and higher unplanned 30-day readmission rates.

Interspecies interactions induce exploratory motility in .

Microbes often live in multispecies communities where interactions among community members impact both the individual constituents and the surrounding environment. Here, we developed a system to visualize interspecies behaviors at initial encounters. By imaging two prevalent pathogens known to be coisolated from chronic illnesses, and , we observed can modify surface motility in response to secreted factors from .

Establishing an infrastructure for collaboration in primate cognition research.

Inferring the evolutionary history of cognitive abilities requires large and diverse samples. However, such samples are often beyond the reach of individual researchers or institutions, and studies are often limited to small numbers of species. Consequently, methodological and site-specific-differences across studies can limit comparisons between species.

Increased cerebral blood volume and oxygen consumption in neonatal brain injury.

With the increasing interest in treatments for neonatal brain injury, bedside methods for detecting and assessing injury status and evolution are needed. We aimed to determine whether cerebral tissue oxygenation (StO(2)), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and estimates of relative cerebral oxygen consumption (rCMRO(2)) determined by bedside frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) have the potential to distinguish neonates with brain injury from those with non-brain issues and healthy controls. We recruited 43 neonates < or =15 days old and >33 weeks gestational age (GA): 14 with imaging evidence of brain injury, 29 without suspicion of brain injury (4 unstable, 6 stable, and 19 healthy).

Medical bankruptcy in the United States, 2007: results of a national study.

Background: Our 2001 study in 5 states found that medical problems contributed to at least 46.2% of all bankruptcies. Since then, health costs and the numbers of un- and underinsured have increased, and bankruptcy laws have tightened.

Discounting the debtors will not make medical bankruptcy disappear.

David Dranove and Michael Millenson seem determined to deny that financial fallout from illness pushes middle-class families into bankruptcy. Anxious to erase the headline that three-quarters of U.S.

Illness and injury as contributors to bankruptcy.

In 2001, 1.458 million American families filed for bankruptcy. To investigate medical contributors to bankruptcy, we surveyed 1,771 personal bankruptcy filers in five federal courts and subsequently completed in-depth interviews with 931 of them.