PrEP uptake and adherence in relation to HIV-1 incidence among Kenyan men who have sex with men.

Background: Data on HIV-1 incidence following programmatic pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake by men who have sex with men (MSM) are limited in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: Since June 2017, MSM participating in an ongoing cohort study in Kenya were offered daily PrEP, assessed for PrEP uptake and adherence, and evaluated for HIV-1 acquisition monthly. We determined tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in dried blood spots 6-12 months after PrEP initiation, and tenofovir (TFV) concentrations and genotypic drug resistance in plasma samples when HIV-1 infection occurred.

Acute and early HIV infection screening among men who have sex with men, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Screening for acute and early HIV infections (AEHI) among men who have sex with men (MSM) remains uncommon in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Yet, undiagnosed AEHI among MSM and subsequent failure to link to care are important drivers of the HIV epidemic. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of AEHI yield among MSM mobilized for AEHI testing; and assessed which risk factors and/or symptoms could increase AEHI yield in MSM.

Risk factors for loss to follow-up among at-risk HIV negative men who have sex with men participating in a research cohort with access to pre-exposure prophylaxis in coastal Kenya.

Introduction: Retention in preventive care among at-risk men who have sex with men (MSM) is critical for successful prevention of HIV acquisition in Africa. We assessed loss to follow-up (LTFU) rates and factors associated with LTFU in an HIV vaccine feasibility cohort study following MSM with access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in coastal Kenya.

Methods: Between June 2017 and June 2019, MSM cohort participants attending a research clinic 20 km north of Mombasa were offered daily PrEP and followed monthly for risk assessment, risk reduction counselling and HIV testing.

Effect of Text Message, Phone Call, and In-Person Appointment Reminders on Uptake of Repeat HIV Testing among Outpatients Screened for Acute HIV Infection in Kenya: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Following HIV-1 acquisition, many individuals develop an acute retroviral syndrome and a majority seek care. Available antibody testing cannot detect an acute HIV infection, but repeat testing after 2-4 weeks may detect seroconversion. We assessed the effect of appointment reminders on attendance for repeat HIV testing.

Engaging young adult clients of community pharmacies for HIV screening in Coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Adults in developing countries frequently use community pharmacies as the first and often only source of care. The objective of this study was to assess the success of pharmacy referrals and uptake of HIV testing by young adult clients of community pharmacies in the context of a screening programme for acute HIV-1 infection (AHI).

Methods: We requested five pharmacies to refer clients meeting predefined criteria (ie, 18-29 years of age and requesting treatment for fever, diarrhoea, sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms or body pains) for HIV-1 testing and AHI screening at selected clinics.