attenuates phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia and hepato-renal toxicity in male Wistar rat by boosting blood cells, modulation of lipoproteins and up-regulation of antioxidant armouries.

Aim: This study investigated the haematinic, antihyperlipidaemic, hepato-renal protective effects of aqueous leaf extract on male Wistar rats exposed to phenylhydrazine toxicity.

Methods: Animals were exposed to phenylhydrazine (PHZ) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal for two consecutive days thereafter, treated with extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) orally for 21 days. After the experimentation, animals were sedated with ketamine (70 mg/kg) and euthanized by cervical dislodgement.

Ginkgo biloba protects striatal neurodegeneration and gut phagoinflammatory damage in rotenone-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease: Role of executioner caspase-3/Nrf2/ARE signaling.

Asymptomatic and early clinical stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been linked with comorbid non-motor symptoms including dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Notwithstanding, neuroprotective and gastroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba supplements (GBS) have been investigated independently. Hence, whether GBS-mediated GIT-protective capacity could be helpful in PD via gut-brain anti-inflammatory signaling still remains unknown.

Lead acetate induces hippocampal pyramidal neuron degeneration in mice via up-regulation of executioner caspase-3, oxido-inflammatory stress expression and decreased BDNF and cholinergic activity: Reversal effects of Gingko biloba supplement.

Purpose: It has been hypothesized that compounds with strong anti-oxidant activity might mitigate lead-induced neurotoxicity that resulted to neuronal degeneration.Ginkgo biloba supplement (GB-S) is a neuroactive supplement which has been reported to demonstrate neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the reversal effect and the underlying mechanism of GB-S following lead-induced neurotoxicity in mice.

Involvement of striatal oxido-inflammatory, nitrosative and decreased cholinergic activity in neurobehavioral alteration in adult rat model with oral co-exposure to erythrosine and tartrazine.

Overuse or overconsumption of food additive or colorant cannot be ignored in our society and there are several reports of it harmful effect on the body system. This study investigated the toxicity effect of tartrazine and erythrosine (ET, 50:50) on neurobehavioral alteration, striatal oxido-nitrosative and pro-inflammatory stress and striatal acetylcholinesterase activity in experimental rat model. Rats were co-exposed to ET (2 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) and distilled water (control), p.

Long-term consumption of -supplemented diet enhanced neurocognition, suppressed oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase activity and neuronal degeneration in rat's hippocampus.

Objectives: This study investigates protection against oxidative stress and memory enhancing potential of long-term consumption of leaves.

Methods: Male Wistar rat were fed with mixture of -supplemented diets (MOSD) partitioned in 1, 5, 10, and 20% continuously for 12 weeks. Object recognition test (ORT) and Morris water maze (MWM) was used for assessing neurocognition.

Gingko biloba abrogate lead-induced neurodegeneration in mice hippocampus: involvement of NF-κB expression, myeloperoxidase activity and pro-inflammatory mediators.

Neuroimmune alterations have important implication in the neuropsychiatric symptoms and biochemical changes associated with lead-induced neurotoxicity. It has been suggested that inhibition of neuroinflammatory-mediated lead-induced neurotoxicity by phytochemicals enriched with antioxidant activities would attenuate the deleterious effects caused by lead. Hence, this study investigated the neuroinflammatory mechanism behind the effect of Ginkgo biloba supplement (GB-S) in lead-induced neurotoxicity in mice brains.

Long-term consumption of -supplemented diet enhanced neurocognition, suppressed oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase activity and neuronal degeneration in rat's hippocampus.

Objectives: This study investigates protection against oxidative stress and memory enhancing potential of long-term consumption of leaves.

Methods: Male Wistar rat were fed with mixture of -supplemented diets (MOSD) partitioned in 1, 5, 10, and 20% continuously for 12 weeks. Object recognition test (ORT) and Morris water maze (MWM) was used for assessing neurocognition.

Ulcerogenic and intestinal motility/transit stimulating actions of nevirapine in albino Wistar rats.

The antiretroviral is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of nevirapine (NVP) administration on gastric acid secretion, pepsin secretion, mucosal secretion, intestinal motility, and transit using apparently healthy albino Wistar rats. Eighty albino Wistar rats (50-125 g body weight) from the start of the experiment were used for the study.

Chronic administration of the antiretroviral nevirapine increases body weight, food, and water intake in albino Wistar rats.

Background: Nevirapine (NVP) is an antiretroviral medication that prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cells from multiplying in the blood. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chronic administration of NVP on body weight, food, and water intake using apparently healthy albino Wistar rats.

Methods: Twenty adult albino Wistar rats (50-125 g body weight) were used for the study.