Publications by authors named "Elizabeth T Chin"
Article Synopsis
- A new Medicaid Reentry Section 1115 Demonstration Opportunity could significantly expand prerelease and transition services for incarcerated individuals, particularly benefiting smaller and rural states with high eligibility rates.
- Incarcerated populations show high prevalence of mental illness and chronic diseases, which may impact overall health statistics within Medicaid.
- The study calls for state Medicaid plans to enhance data exchange and service delivery systems to better accommodate the health needs of this transitioning population.
Importance: There is no level of lead in drinking water considered to be safe, yet lead service lines are still commonly used in water systems across the US.
Objective: To identify the extent of lead-contaminated drinking water in Chicago, Illinois, and model its impact on children younger than 6 years.
Design, Setting, And Participants: For this cross-sectional study, a retrospective assessment was performed of lead exposure based on household tests collected from January 2016 to September 2023.
Article Synopsis
- The study challenges the common assumption that genetic variations affect traits in an additive manner by exploring non-additive interactions, specifically in the context of cardiac hypertrophy.
- Researchers used advanced techniques, including low-signal signed iterative random forests and deep learning, to analyze cardiac MRI data from over 29,000 participants in the UK Biobank, revealing complex genetic interactions that traditional methods might overlook.
- The findings highlight a sophisticated gene regulatory network, showing that certain genetic variants interact in intricate ways to influence cardiac structure, pointing to the importance of epistasis in understanding genetic contributions to heart diseases.
The combinatorial effect of genetic variants is often assumed to be additive. Although genetic variation can clearly interact non-additively, methods to uncover epistatic relationships remain in their infancy. We develop low-signal signed iterative random forests to elucidate the complex genetic architecture of cardiac hypertrophy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Information regarding the protection conferred by vaccination and previous infection against infection with the B.1.1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Prisons and jails are high-risk environments for COVID-19. Vaccination levels among workers in many such settings remain markedly lower than those of residents and members of surrounding communities. The situation is troubling because prison staff are a key vector for COVID-19 transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFB Ackground: Prisons and jails are high-risk settings for Covid-19 transmission, morbidity, and mortality. We evaluate protection conferred by prior infection and vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant within the California state prison system.
M Ethods: We employed a test-negative design to match resident and staff cases during the Omicron wave (December 24, 2021-April 14, 2022) to controls according to a case's test-week as well as demographic, clinical, and carceral characteristics.
This cohort study compares COVID-19 case and testing rates in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention centers with rates in the US population from September 2020 through August 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Prisons and jails are high-risk settings for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccines may substantially reduce these risks, but evidence is needed on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness for incarcerated people, who are confined in large, risky congregate settings.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate effectiveness of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna), against confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among incarcerated people in California prisons from 22 December 2020 through 1 March 2021.
The possibility of a massive oil spill in the Red Sea is increasingly likely. The , a deteriorating oil tanker containing 1.1 million barrels of oil, has been deserted near the coast of Yemen since 2015 and threatens environmental catastrophe to a country presently in a humanitarian crisis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Prisons and jails are high-risk settings for COVID-19 transmission, morbidity, and mortality. COVID-19 vaccines may substantially reduce these risks, but evidence is needed of their effectiveness for incarcerated people, who are confined in large, risky congregate settings.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate effectiveness of mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna), against confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections among incarcerated people in California prisons from December 22, 2020 through March 1, 2021.
Background: Residents of prisons have experienced disproportionate COVID-19-related health harms. To control outbreaks, many prisons in the USA restricted in-person activities, which are now resuming even as viral variants proliferate. This study aims to use mathematical modelling to assess the risks and harms of COVID-19 outbreaks in prisons under a range of policies, including resumption of activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Correctional institutions nationwide are seeking to mitigate COVID-19-related risks.
Objective: To quantify changes to California's prison population since the pandemic began and identify risk factors for COVID-19 infection.
Design: For California state prisons (March 1-October 10, 2020), we described residents' demographic characteristics, health status, COVID-19 risk scores, room occupancy, and labor participation.
Background: Routine viral testing strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infection might facilitate safe airline travel during the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate global spread of the virus. However, the effectiveness of these test-and-travel strategies to reduce passenger risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and population-level transmission remains unknown.
Methods: In this simulation study, we developed a microsimulation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a cohort of 100 000 US domestic airline travellers using publicly available data on COVID-19 clinical cases and published natural history parameters to assign individuals one of five health states of susceptible to infection, latent period, early infection, late infection, or recovered.
Background: Correctional institutions nationwide are seeking to mitigate Covid-19-related risks.
Objective: To quantify changes to California's prison population since the pandemic began and identify risk factors for Covid-19 infection.
Design: We described residents' demographic characteristics, health status, Covid-19 risk scores, room occupancy, and labor participation.
Routine asymptomatic testing strategies for COVID-19 have been proposed to prevent outbreaks in high-risk healthcare environments. We used simulation modeling to evaluate the optimal frequency of viral testing. We found that routine testing substantially reduces risk of outbreaks, but may need to be as frequent as twice weekly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Airline travel has been significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic due to concern for individual risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and population-level transmission risk from importation. Routine viral testing strategies for COVID-19 may facilitate safe airline travel through reduction of individual and/or population-level risk, although the effectiveness and optimal design of these "test-and-travel" strategies remain unclear.
Methods: We developed a microsimulation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a cohort of airline travelers to evaluate the effectiveness of various testing strategies to reduce individual risk of infection and population-level risk of transmission.