A mixed-methods evaluation of a longitudinal primary-secondary school transitions support intervention.

Introduction: Primary-secondary school transitions are critical transitions for children that can be emotionally demanding longitudinal experiences, which can positively and negatively impact future emotional wellbeing and mental health. However, interventions that have been developed to reduce the negative outcomes children commonly experience are limited in number, sustainability, and reach and rely on a cross-sectional approach, as opposed to longitudinal evaluations. The current study evaluates , a universal, class-based 9-week intervention to develop children's awareness and ability to cope with the multiple changes experienced over primary-secondary school transitions.

Ethical considerations in public engagement: developing tools for assessing the boundaries of research and involvement.

Public engagement with research (PEwR) has become increasingly integral to research practices. This paper explores the process and outcomes of a collaborative effort to address the ethical implications of PEwR activities and develop tools to navigate them within the context of a University Medical School. The activities this paper reflects on aimed to establish boundaries between research data collection and PEwR activities, support colleagues in identifying the ethical considerations relevant to their planned activities, and build confidence and capacity among staff to conduct PEwR projects.

Enhancing community engagement, public involvement, and social capital through researchers' participation in community dance projects: unexpected outcomes in underserved communities.

Background: The Dance and Health project aimed to promote public involvement in health research. Public involvement leads worked with project partner community groups, Aakash Odedra Dance Company and Moving Together, to develop a community engagement project with people living in low-socioeconomic areas/deprivation and diverse ethnic minority groups. Dance and Health included a weekly 60-min dance class and 30 min of facilitated health science discussion, that could either be a public involvement discussion for a research project, an activity about a particular biomedical research theme or ongoing discussions with a visiting researcher.

Schools and Wastewater Surveillance: Practical Implications for an Emerging Technology to Impact Child Health.

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater surveillance has emerged as a public health tool that supplements traditional surveillance methods used to detect the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in communities. In May 2020, the Houston Health Department (HHD) partnered with a coalition of municipal and academic partners to develop a wastewater monitoring and reporting system for the city of Houston, Texas. The HHD subsequently launched a program to conduct targeted wastewater sampling at 52 school sites located in a large, urban school district in Houston.

Association between early care and education centres policies and practices and children's healthy behaviours.

Objective: To examine the impact of nutritional and physical activity (PA) policies and practices at early care and education centres on behavioural changes among children ages 2-5.

Methods: The study population included 586 children from 25 education centres throughout the state of Georgia. Policies and practices were measured using the Georgia Nutrition and PA Assessment at the start of school year in Fall 2017.

Telehealth Support for Dementia Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From the NYU Family Support Program.

Objectives: In response to the needs of dementia caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic, the NYU Langone Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Family Support Program (FSP) quickly transitioned to providing most services online. To understand how dementia caregivers experienced FSP services after the switch to video telehealth, we conducted qualitative interviews of spouse or partner dementia caregivers.

Participants: Ten participants were recruited from a convenience sample of dementia spouse or partner caregivers who used one or more online FSP services offered during the pandemic.

Medical students' experience of studying while working part-time and the effects of COVID-19.

Aims: The costs of being a medical student are large and increasing, and many students need to work part-time to meet financial pressures. This study explores the impact that part-time extracurricular paid work during the academic year has on medical student wellbeing, their interactions with the curriculum, and the effect of COVID-19 on work in 2020.

Methods: An online survey in 2020 gathered demographic, quantitative and qualitative information from medical students and their work experiences.

White-Nose Syndrome Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans Detected in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats.

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging fungal epizootic disease that has caused large-scale mortality in several species of North American bats. The fungus that causes WNS, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), has also been detected in bat species without diagnostic signs of WNS. Although these species could play a role in WNS spread, understanding of the spatial and temporal extents of Pd occurrence on WNS-resistant species is limited.

Effect of Palliative Care Curriculum on Serious Illness Conversation Preparedness.

Background: A shortage of palliative pare (PC) specialists underscores the necessity that all clinicians feel comfortable with serious illness conversations (SICs).

Objective: To assess the effect of an intensive PC curriculum with multiple teaching modalities on Internal Medicine residents' confidence with SICs and advance care planning documentation.

Methods: Twelve PC modules consisting of didactic lectures, role-playing, and online interactive modules were integrated as continuing education during academic year 2018-2019.

Longitudinal study: understanding the lived experience of couples across the trajectory of dementia.

Background: The longitudinal study, "Couples Lived Experiences," focuses on whether and how relationship characteristics of older couples change with the cognitive decline of one member of the couple, and how these changes affect each individual's emotional and physical health outcomes. Until now, most psychosocial research in dementia has focused either on the person with dementia (PWD) or the caregiver separately. The previous literature examining relationship characteristics and their role in outcomes for the caregiver and PWD is scant and suffers from methodological issues that limit the understanding of which relationship characteristics most influence outcomes for caregivers and care-receivers and what other factors may mitigate or exacerbate their effects.

Obesity and the Risk of Intubation or Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Objectives: To characterize the impact of obesity on disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study designed to evaluate the association between body mass index and risk of severe disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Data were abstracted from the electronic health record.

Association Between Do Not Resuscitate/Do Not Intubate Orders and Emergency Medicine Residents' Decision Making.

Background: Research has shown that do not resuscitate (DNR) and do not intubate (DNI) orders may be construed by physicians to be more restrictive than intended by patients. Previous studies of physicians found that DNR/DNI orders are associated with being less willing to provide invasive care.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of code status on emergency residents' decision-making regarding offering invasive procedures for those patients with DNR/DNI compared with their full code counterparts.

Equipoise in Appropriate Initial Volume Resuscitation for Patients in Septic Shock With Heart Failure: Results of a Multicenter Clinician Survey.

Purpose: International clinical practice guidelines call for initial volume resuscitation of at least 30 mL/kg body weight for patients with sepsis-induced hypotension or shock. Although not considered in the guidelines, preexisting cardiac dysfunction may be an important factor clinicians weigh in deciding the quantity of volume resuscitation for patients with septic shock.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter survey of clinicians who routinely treat patients with sepsis to evaluate their beliefs, behaviors, knowledge, and perceived structural barriers regarding initial volume resuscitation for patients with sepsis and concomitant heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) <40%.

The effect of patient code status on surgical resident decision making: A national survey of general surgery residents.

Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated that, compared with their full code counterparts, patients with do-not-resuscitate or do-not-intubate status have higher in-hospital and postdischarge mortality than predicted by clinical characteristics alone. We sought to determine whether patient code status affects surgical resident decision making.

Methods: We created an online survey that consisted of 4 vignettes, followed by 10 questions regarding decisions on possible diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Feasibility of a Multicomponent Program to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition in Georgia Low-Income Early Care and Education Settings.

Background: This article describes the process and intermediate outcomes from a program implemented in 65 Early Care and Education (ECE) centers serving low-income families throughout Georgia during the 2014-2017 school years.

Methods: The HealthMPowers' Empowering Healthy Choices in Schools, Homes, and Communities ECE program was based on the organization's previously successful elementary school program and aligns with current early childhood nutrition and physical activity recommendations. Participating centers worked with HealthMPowers for up to 3 years.

Analyzing Who, When, and Where: Data for Better Targeting of Resources for School-Based Asthma Interventions.

Background: Rates of uncontrolled asthma vary by demographics, space, and time. This article uses data on ambulance-treated asthma attacks in children to analyze these variations so that school districts can improve their asthma management interventions.

Methods: Incidence rates of 1826 ambulance-treated asthma attacks for children aged 5-18 years were calculated for school zones for elementary, middle, and high schools in the Houston (Texas) Independent School District (HISD).

Association between Do Not Resuscitate/Do Not Intubate Status and Resident Physician Decision-making. A National Survey.

Rationale: Compared with their Full Code counterparts, patients with do not resuscitate/do not intubate (DNR/DNI) status receive fewer interventions and have higher mortality than predicted by clinical characteristics.

Objectives: To assess whether internal medicine residents, the front-line providers for many hospitalized patients, would manage hypothetical patients differently based on code status. We hypothesized respondents would be less likely to provide a variety of interventions to DNR/DNI patients than to Full Code patients.

Two decades of mortality trends among patients with severe sepsis: a comparative meta-analysis*.

Objectives: Trends in severe sepsis mortality derived from administrative data may be biased by changing International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, coding practices. We sought to determine temporal trends in severe sepsis mortality using clinical trial data that does not rely on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modifications coding and compare mortality trends in trial data with those observed from administrative data.

Design: We searched MEDLINE for multicenter randomized trials that enrolled patients with severe sepsis from 1991 to 2009.

Serotonin syndrome associated with clozapine withdrawal.

Importance: We describe a case of serotonin syndrome secondary to clozapine withdrawal and concomitant use of citalopram hydrobromide, a phenomenon that has been rarely reported.

Observations: This is a case report of a 47-year-old woman admitted to an academic medical center intensive care unit with coma, hypersalivation, hyperreflexia, and stimulus-induced clonus. The patient received a diagnosis of serotonin syndrome attributed to abrupt clozapine withdrawal with concomitant use of citalopram.

Sedative load of medications prescribed for older people with dementia in care homes.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the sedative load and use of sedative and psychotropic medications among older people with dementia living in (residential) care homes.

Methods: Medication data were collected at baseline and at two further time-points for eligible residents of six care homes participating in the EVIDEM-End Of Life (EOL) study for whom medication administration records were available. Regular medications were classified using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system and individual sedative loads were calculated using a previously published model.

Culture, consent, costs and care homes: enabling older people with dementia to participate in research.

Objectives: To describe factors that support and inhibit recruitment and participation of people with dementia living in care homes.

Method: This article focuses on the methods used to recruit people with dementia to a longitudinal study that employed a mixed-method design to track events and care that older people with dementia experienced over two years in six care homes. A staged approach to recruitment was adopted involving separate meetings with staff, residents and relatives.

Association of nuclear localization of a long interspersed nuclear element-1 protein in breast tumors with poor prognostic outcomes.

Within healthy human somatic cells, retrotransposition by long interspersed nuclear element-1 (also known as LINE-1 or L1) is thought to be held in check by a variety of mechanisms, including DNA methylation and RNAi. The expression of L1-ORF1 protein, which is rarely found in normal tissue, was assayed using antibodies with a variety of clinical cancer specimens and cancer cell lines. L1-ORF1p expression was detected in nearly all breast tumors that the authors examined, and the protein was also present in a high percentage of ileal carcinoids, bladder, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, as well as in a smaller percentage of prostate and colorectal tumors.