Applying early warning indicators to predict critical transitions in a lake undergoing multiple changes.

Lakes are dynamic ecosystems that can transition among stable states. Since ecosystem-scale transitions can be detrimental and difficult to reverse, being able to predict impending critical transitions in state variables has become a major area of research. However, not all transitions are detrimental, and there is considerable interest in better evaluating the success of management interventions to support adaptive management strategies.

Ex Vivo Normothermic Perfusion of Human Upper Limbs.

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a primary concern in upper extremity transplantation. Ex vivo normothermic perfusion (EVNP) enables near-physiological organ preservation, avoiding the deleterious effects of hypoxia and cooling. We investigated the effectiveness of human limb EVNP compared with static cold storage (SCS).

Metabolic Profiling of Skeletal Muscle During Ex-Vivo Normothermic Limb Perfusion.

Introduction: Ex vivo normothermic limb perfusion (EVNLP) provides several advantages for the preservation of limbs following amputation: the ability to maintain oxygenation and temperature of the limb close to physiological values, a perfusion solution providing all necessary nutrients at optimal concentrations, and the ability to maintain physiological pH and electrolytes. However, EVNLP cannot preserve the organ viability infinitely. We identified evidence of mitochondrial injury (swelling, elongation, and membrane disruption) after 24 hours of EVNLP of human upper extremities.

Stroke and conversion to high risk in children screened with transcranial Doppler ultrasound during the STOP study.

The Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) was a randomized multicenter controlled trial comparing prophylactic blood transfusion with standard care in sickle cell anemia (SCA) children aged 2 to 16 years selected for high stroke risk by transcranial Doppler (TCD). More than 2000 children were screened with TCD to identify the 130 high-risk children who entered the randomized trial. A total of 5613 TCD studies from 2324 children were evaluated.