Targeting quorum sensing for manipulation of commensal microbiota.

Bacteria communicate through the accumulation of autoinducer (AI) molecules that regulate gene expression at critical densities in a process called quorum sensing (QS). Extensive work using simple systems and single strains of bacteria have revealed a role for QS in the regulation of virulence factors and biofilm formation; however, less is known about QS dynamics among communities, especially in vivo. In this review, we summarize the diversity of QS signals as well as their ability to influence "non-target" behaviors among species that have receptors but not synthases for those signals.

Development and Implementation of a Medical School Course Integrating Basic, Clinical, and Health Systems Sciences.

Objective: In recent years, significant steps have been made in integrating basic science and clinical medicine. There remains a gap in adding the third pillar of education: health systems science (HSS). Core clerkships represent an ideal learning venue to integrate all three.

The Experience of Working Nurses Attending Graduate School During COVID-19: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology Study.

Introduction: There has been unprecedented uncertainty involved in the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for working nurses. Nurses working while attending graduate school faced additional unique challenges including working extended hours while also home-schooling young children, managing a family life while also navigating pandemic-related changes affecting students' educational paths.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of working nurses attending graduate school during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vital Signs: HIV Infection, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men - United States, 2010-2019.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for two thirds of new HIV infections in the United States in 2019 despite representing approximately 2% of the adult population.

Methods: CDC analyzed surveillance data to determine trends in estimated new HIV infections and to assess measures of undiagnosed infection and HIV prevention and treatment services including HIV testing, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, and viral suppression, as well as HIV-related stigma.

Results: The estimated number of new HIV infections among MSM was 25,100 in 2010 and 23,100 in 2019.

Demographic Characteristics of Persons Vaccinated During the First Month of the COVID-19 Vaccination Program - United States, December 14, 2020-January 14, 2021.

In December 2020, two COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) were authorized for emergency use in the United States for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).* Because of limited initial vaccine supply, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) prioritized vaccination of health care personnel and residents and staff members of long-term care facilities (LTCF) during the first phase of the U.S.

Systematic Clinical Reasoning in Physical Therapy (SCRIPT): Tool for the Purposeful Practice of Clinical Reasoning in Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy.

Background And Purpose: Clinical reasoning is essential to physical therapist practice. Solid clinical reasoning processes may lead to greater understanding of the patient condition, early diagnostic hypothesis development, and well-tolerated examination and intervention strategies, as well as mitigate the risk of diagnostic error. However, the complex and often subconscious nature of clinical reasoning can impede the development of this skill.

Manual Physical Therapy Following Immobilization for Stable Ankle Fracture: A Case Series.

Study Design: Case series.

Background: Ankle fractures commonly result in persistent pain, stiffness, and functional impairments. There is insufficient evidence to favor any particular rehabilitation approach after ankle fracture.

Changes in daily activity patterns of caregivers of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy: a case-controlled design.

Having a child diagnosed with a chronic pediatric illness is a major stressor for families that can alter their daily lives. The primary study aim was to use Daily Phone Diaries (DPDs), a cued-recall procedure to track parents through their activities over a 24-hour period, to assess the activity patterns of a group of caregivers with a child diagnosed with new-onset epilepsy (group with NOE; n=30) and a group of matched comparisons (comparison group; n=29). The time caregivers spent in sleep and recreation was evaluated over the first 5.

Lumbopelvic dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence: a case report applying rehabilitative ultrasound imaging.

Study Design: Case report.

Background: It has been suggested that altered neuromuscular control of the transversus abdominis and pelvic floor muscles may contribute to sacroiliac joint (SIJ) region pain and stress urinary incontinence. There are limited examples describing the evaluation and management of individuals with both SIJ region pain and stress urinary incontinence in the literature.

Application of Herbivore Optimization Theory to Rangelands of the Western United States.

Ecological research can be misinterpreted by the popular press and misapplied in land management. One example of this concerns the controversial concepts of overcompensation by grazed plants and herbivore optimization of plant productivity (or, as popularly phrased, the idea that plants benefit from being grazed). Although available evidence indicates that whole-plant overcompensation and optimization of productivity rarely occur and may have little or no evolutionary or applied significance, these concepts have been accepted by some popular writers and land managers, and are being used to justify heavy livestock grazing on western North American rangelands.