Do empirically-derived personality subtypes relate to cognitive inflexibility in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Background: Accruing evidence suggests that personality-based approaches to eating disorder classification may offer several advantages over current diagnostic models, with prior research consistently identifying three personality-based groups characterized by either (1) high levels of impulsivity and dysregulation (termed the "undercontrolled" group), (2) high levels of rigidity and avoidance (termed the "overcontrolled" group), or (3) relatively normative levels of personality functioning (termed the "low psychopathology" group). Cognitive inflexibility (i.e.

Examining effects of race and ethnic identity on body dissatisfaction following media exposure of thin and curvy body ideals.

This study examined moderating effects of race and ethnic identity on associations between thin and curvy media exposure and body dissatisfaction in a community sample of Black and white women. Participants (n = 200 white, n = 199 Black) completed a pre-exposure measure of ethnic identity and pre-post measure of body satisfaction (where lower scores indicate dissatisfaction) after randomization to thin or curvy body ideal conditions. Black women endorsed higher pre-exposure ethnic identity than white women but did not differ in level of body dissatisfaction.

Examining the bidirectional longitudinal associations between body mass index and episodic memory following bariatric surgery.

Background: The relationship between obesity and episodic memory (i.e., conscious memory for specific events) is hypothesized to be bidirectional.

Habitual behavioural control moderates the relation between daily perceived stress and purging.

Objective: Evidence suggests that interpersonal stress plays a role in maintaining binge eating and purging (e.g., self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives).

Behaviourally assessed negative urgency is uniquely associated with binge-eating frequency.

Objective: Binge eating appears to be associated with impulsivity, especially in response to negative affect (i.e., negative urgency).

Dysphoric mood may explain the relation between sleep reactivity and binge eating but not purging.

This study investigated whether sleep reactivity (i.e., a propensity to experience sleep disturbances when stressed) relates to eating disorder behavioral symptoms indirectly through dysphoric mood in a sample of college students.

Fear of negative evaluation and intolerance of uncertainty: Assessing potential internalizing correlates of eating disorder-related clinical impairment and differences across diagnostic presentations.

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Internalizing Dimensions for Eating Disorders model positions eating disorder (ED) symptoms on an internalizing dimension alongside anxiety and mood symptoms. Symptom dimensions falling under the internalizing subfactors of distress (e.g.

Changes in evening-shifted loss of control eating severity following treatment for binge-eating disorder.

Background: Loss of control eating is more likely to occur in the evening and is uniquely associated with distress. No studies have examined the effect of treatment on within-day timing of loss of control eating severity. We examined whether time of day differentially predicted loss of control eating severity at baseline (i.

Prospective associations between cognitive flexibility and eating disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

This study investigated concurrent and prospective associations between measures of reversal learning and attentional set-shifting and eating disorder symptoms at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months among individuals with anorexia nervosa restricting subtype (AN-R, n = 26), AN binge eating/purging subtype (AN-BP, n = 22), bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 35), and healthy controls (n = 27), and explored whether these associations differed by diagnosis. At baseline, participants completed diagnostic interviews, height/weight measurements, and measures of set-shifting (the Intradimensional/Extradimensional shift task) and reversal learning (a probabilistic reversal learning task). At 3- and 6-month follow-up, participants with eating disorders completed assessments of weight and eating disorder symptoms.

The role of habit in maintaining binge/purge behaviors: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Objective: Individuals with eating disorders transdiagnostically engage in binge eating (BE) and/or purging, despite life-threatening consequences. Little is known about factors that contribute to the persistence of these behaviors. This study explored whether habitual control over binge/purge (B/P) spectrum behaviors contributes to symptom persistence and whether negative reinforcement via reductions in negative affect is less influential in maintaining B/P behaviors that are under habitual control and are persistent.

Reconceptualizing emotion regulation and coping strategy usage in eating disorders research: The utility of a regulatory flexibility framework.

Emotion regulation and coping strategies are often conceptualized in eating disorder (ED) research as inherently adaptive or maladaptive, and successful regulation is often defined as greater overall use of adaptive strategies. However, recent empirical work outside of the field of EDs challenges this categorical conceptualization of strategies, demonstrating that adaptiveness is determined by the ability to flexibly implement and adjust strategies based on contextual demands (i.e.

Accelerometer-Based Physical Activity and Shape and Weight Concerns Among Youth With Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Exploratory Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

A bidirectional association between shape and weight concerns (SWC) and physical activity (PA) has been previously documented. This relationship may be particularly salient among youth with overweight/obesity, given that social marginalization of larger bodies has been associated with elevated SWC and barriers to PA. This pilot study explores reciprocal relationships between momentary SWC and accelerometer-assessed PA behavior.

PTSD symptoms as a potential mediator of associations between military sexual assault and disordered eating.

Despite increasing rates of sexual assault in the military and high rates of disordered eating and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans, little is known about how these constructs are related. This study examined whether PTSD symptoms mediate the relation between military sexual assault and disordered eating among female veterans. United States female veterans ( = 98) completed self-report measures assessing military sexual assault, PTSD, and disordered eating.

Gender differences in the relation between interpersonal stress and momentary shape and weight concerns in youth with overweight/obesity.

The purpose of this study was to examine relations between interpersonal stress and momentary shape and weight concerns among pre-adolescent and early adolescent boys and girls with overweight/obesity, using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). We also aimed to determine whether interpersonal stress was differentially related to shape/weight concerns in boys versus girls. Forty youth, ages 8-14 years (53% female), with overweight or obesity reported their state-level shape/weight concerns and negative affect and their recent interpersonal stress (i.

Reducing eating disorder risk among male athletes: A randomized controlled trial investigating the male athlete body project.

Objective: No study to date has investigated an intervention program for male athletes that targets eating disorder risk factors. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of the Male Athlete Body Project (MABP), an adaptation of the Female Athlete Body Project on body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity, body-ideal internalization, and muscle dysmorphia.

Method: Participants were 79 male collegiate athletes who were randomized to the MABP (n = 39) or an assessment-only control condition (n = 40).

Sleep reactivity is associated with social anxiety and disordered-eating behaviors in college students.

Investigate whether sleep reactivity was associated with social anxiety and disordered-eating behaviors in a college population. One hundred ninety-eight college-age men and women. Participants completed self-report measures of social anxiety, disordered-eating behaviors and sleep reactivity.

Emotion regulation flexibility and disordered eating.

Research suggests that individuals with eating disorders use more putatively maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and fewer putatively adaptive strategies. However, there is growing theoretical and empirical support for the notion that the efficacy of emotion regulation strategies varies across situations. Thus, successful emotion regulation is characterized by the ability to flexibly choose between emotion regulation strategies in order to fit one's situational needs.

The interactive effects of parental self-efficacy and child eating styles in relation to naturalistically-assessed craving, overeating, and loss of control eating.

Objective: Parental factors have been linked to weight-related outcomes in children, though less is known regarding the role of parental self-efficacy (PSE) for promoting healthy dietary behaviors (HDBs). This study examined associations between PSE for promoting HDBs and child reports of craving, overeating, and loss of control eating in daily life. The interactive effects of PSE and child eating style (emotional eating, external eating, and restraint) were also explored.

Threat appraisal partially mediates the relation between neuroticism and bulimic symptoms.

Several studies support an association between neuroticism and bulimic symptoms; however, few studies have focused on neuroticism exerts its influence. The purpose of this study was to extend the literature by investigating threat appraisal as a potential mediator of the relation between neuroticism and bulimic symptoms. One hundred and twenty women completed self-report measures of trait neuroticism, threat appraisal, and bulimic symptoms.