Values, Quality, and Evaluation in Ethics Consultation.

Background: The American Society for Bioethics and Humanities has recommended regular evaluation of the quality of Health Care Ethics Consultation. This manuscript discusses the impact of ethics consultation on clinicians' perceptions of a patient's plan of care and on the personal values of clinicians who participated in an ethics consultation.

Methods: Following IRB approval, select data points were abstracted from case file report forms for ethics consultations over a 12 month period.

TRAF6 autoubiquitination-independent activation of the NFkappaB and MAPK pathways in response to IL-1 and RANKL.

The adapter protein TRAF6 is critical for mediating signal transduction from members of the IL-1R/TLR and TNFR superfamilies. The TRAF6 RING finger domain functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase capable of generating non-degradative K63-linked ubiquitin chains. It is believed that these chains serve as docking sites for formation of signaling complexes, and that K63-linked autoubiquitination of TRAF6 is essential for formation and activation of a complex involving the kinase TAK1 and its adapters, TAB1 and TAB2.

Loss of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting or golgi-associated retrograde protein vesicle tethering complexes results in gentamicin sensitivity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Gentamicin continues to be a primary antibiotic against gram-negative infections. Unfortunately, associated nephro- and ototoxicity limit its use. Our previous mammalian studies showed that gentamicin is trafficked to the endoplasmic reticulum in a retrograde manner and subsequently released into the cytosol.