Cerebral MRI abnormalities associated with vigabatrin therapy.

Purpose: Investigate whether patients on vigabatrin demonstrated new-onset and reversible T(2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities.

Methods: MRI of patients treated during vigabatrin therapy was reviewed, following detection of new basal ganglia, thalamus, and corpus callosum hyperintensities in an infant treated for infantile spasms. Patients were assessed for age at time of MRI, diagnosis, duration, and dose, MRI findings pre-, on, and postvigabatrin, concomitant medications, and clinical correlation.

Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence.

Human total brain size is consistently reported to be approximately 8-10% larger in males, although consensus on regionally specific differences is weak. Here, in the largest longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging study reported to date (829 scans from 387 subjects, ages 3 to 27 years), we demonstrate the importance of examining size-by-age trajectories of brain development rather than group averages across broad age ranges when assessing sexual dimorphism. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we found robust male/female differences in the shapes of trajectories with total cerebral volume peaking at age 10.

XXY (Klinefelter syndrome): a pediatric quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging case-control study.

Objective: An extra X chromosome in males (XXY), known as Klinefelter syndrome, is associated with characteristic physical, cognitive, and behavioral features of variable severity. The objective of this study was to examine possible neuroanatomical substrates of these cognitive and behavioral features during childhood and adolescence.

Methods: MRI brain scans were acquired for 42 XXY and 87 healthy XY age-matched control males.