Survey Methodology for Data Collection and Analysis in Nutrition and Dietetics Research.

This article is part of a series of articles in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics exploring the importance of research design, epidemiological methods, and statistical analysis as applied to nutrition and dietetics research. The purpose of this ongoing statistical portfolio is to assist registered dietitian nutritionists and nutrition and dietetic technicians, registered with interpreting nutrition research and applying scientific principles to produce high-quality data analysis. A survey is a systematic method for collecting reportable information on a topic of interest.

Facilitators, Barriers, and Best Practices for In-Person and Telehealth Lactation Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To explore the perspectives of lactation support providers delivering breastfeeding education via in-person and telehealth consultations and assess the impact of COVID-19 on the provision of breastfeeding education.

Design: Qualitative descriptive study using purposive sampling.

Setting: Massachusetts-based lactation support providers who provided in-person and/or telehealth consultations in various practice settings (e.

Physician Nutrition Advice and Referrals to Registered Dietitians.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the frequency and content of healthcare providers' nutrition recommendations and referrals Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDN).

Methods: Physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and other providers (> 18 years of age) currently practicing primarily in the United States received an email survey that assessed dietary recommendations for diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight/obesity, and general wellbeing, frequency and comfort level of providing nutrition advice, and RDN referrals. Chi-square and Student's t-tests were used for analysis.

Vitamin D deficiency associated with risk of prediabetes among older adults: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2012.

Aim: To examine the association between vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and risk of prediabetes in Americans 50+ years of age.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES (2007-2012) subjects aged 50+ years, free of kidney/liver diseases and diabetes. Prediabetes was defined as: HbA1c level 5.

Recovery From Malnutrition Among Refugee Children Following Participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program in Massachusetts, 1998-2010.

Objectives: (1) To examine patterns of catch-up growth and anemia correction in refugee children younger than 5 years after participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program, and (2) to identify factors associated with recovery from growth abnormalities.

Design: Records on 1731 refugee children younger than 5 years who arrived in Massachusetts between 1998-2010 were matched to WIC program records and then restricted to 779 children who had at least 2 WIC visits. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine how sex affected time to recovery from malnutrition and anemia.

Refugee Children's Participation in the Women, Infants, and Children Supplemental Nutrition (WIC) Program in Massachusetts, 1998-2010.

Objectives: To (1) describe prevalence of growth abnormalities and anemia in refugee children; (2) describe the proportion of age-eligible refugee children enrolled in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); and (3) identify risk factors for lack of enrollment in WIC.

Design: Data were collected from 1731 health screenings for refugee children younger than 5 years in Massachusetts in 1998-2010 and matched to WIC program records. Risk factors for lack of WIC enrollment were analyzed in SAS using multivariate logistic regression.

Household Food Security Status Is Associated with Anemia Risk at Age 18 Months among Low-Income Infants in Massachusetts.

Background: Food insecurity and anemia are prevalent among low-income families and infants. Anemia may reflect iron deficiency anemia (IDA) risk. IDA in infancy and early childhood may have long-lasting developmental effects.

Maternal Strategies to Access Food Differ by Food Security Status.

Background: Household food insecurity is associated with health and behavior risk. Much less is known about how food insecurity is related to strategies that adults use in accessing food: how and where they shop, use of alternative food sources, and their ability to manage resources.

Objective: To examine how maternal behaviors, including shopping, accessing alternative sources of food, and managing resources, are related to household food security status (HHFSS).

Food- and health-related correlates of self-reported body mass index among low-income mothers of young children.

Objective: To examine how income-related challenges regarding food and health are associated with variation in self-reported maternal body weight among low-income mothers.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Setting: Two Northeastern cities.

Associations between family food behaviors, maternal depression, and child weight among low-income children.

Although low-income children are at greater risk for overweight and obesity than their higher income counterparts, the majority of poor children are not overweight. The current study examined why such variation exists among diverse young children in poor families. Cross-sectional data were collected on 164 low-income, preschool aged children and their mothers living in two Rhode Island cities.

A longitudinal study of food insecurity on obesity in preschool children.

Background: Obesity and its co-occurrence with household food insecurity among low-income families is a public health concern, particularly because both are associated with later adverse health consequences.

Objective: Our aim was to examine the relationship between household food insecurity with and without hunger in infancy and later childhood with weight status at 2 to 5 years.

Design: This longitudinal study uses household food-security status, weight, and height data collected at the first infancy and last child (2 to 5 years) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children visits.

Obesity in preschool children is more prevalent and identified at a younger age when WHO growth charts are used compared with CDC charts.

Our objective was to compare the prevalence and determinants of child obesity using the WHO child growth standards compared with the CDC growth reference. We used data from 143,787 2- to 5-y olds who participated in the Massachusetts Special Supplemental Food and Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program between 2001 and 2006. The prevalence of obesity (>95th percentile, BMI-for-age) was 23.

A longitudinal study of WIC participation on household food insecurity.

We examined the association between women's/children's duration of WIC participation and household food security status. For mothers (n = 21,863) and their children (n = 57,377) participating in WIC (2001-2006), longitudinal measures of household food security status were collected using a subscale of the USDA Food Security Module. Using logistic regression, household food security status at the last WIC visit was associated with measures of WIC duration (number of trimesters on WIC for pregnant women, and number of WIC visits for children).

Food insecurity is associated with overweight in children younger than 5 years of age.

Both household food insecurity and childhood overweight are serious public health problems that appear to be paradoxically correlated. This study examines the relationship between overweight and household food insecurity with/without hunger in low-income children participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. Weight, height, and household food insecurity data were collected on 8,493 children ages 1 month to 5 years and analyzed by sex and age groups using logistic regression to model the odds of being overweight (weight for length or body mass index [calculated as kg/m(2)] for age > or =95th percentile) given household food insecurity status, controlling for race/ethnicity and maternal education.

A content analysis of the quantity and accuracy of dietary supplement information found in magazines with high adolescent readership.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the quantity and accuracy of dietary supplement (DS) information through magazines with high adolescent readership.

Design: Eight (8) magazines (3 teen and 5 adult with high teen readership) were selected. A content analysis for DS was conducted on advertisements and editorials (i.

The association between an objective measure of physical activity and weight status in preschoolers.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the association between physical activity and BMI among racially diverse low-income preschoolers.

Research Methods And Procedures: This was a cross-sectional study of 2- to 5-year-olds (n = 56) enrolled in Massachusetts Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants & Children (WIC). Physical activity was measured for 7 consecutive days with an accelerometer.

Gourmet coffee beverage consumption among college women.

Gourmet coffee beverages (GCBs) are relatively new products in the foodservice industry that consist of high-energy coffee drinks. A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of consumption of GCBs and their energy and fat contribution to overall dietary intake in college women using a beverage questionnaire and a 3-day food diary. A convenience sample of 165 undergraduate and graduate women attending Simmons College completed a beverage questionnaire, and a subsample of 41 women completed a 3-day food diary.