Incidence and Visual Outcomes of Endophthalmitis After Intravitreal Injection of Dexamethasone Implant vs Ranibizumab.

Purpose: To compare the incidence and visual outcomes of endophthalmitis after injection of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant and injection of intravitreal ranibizumab.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed endophthalmitis in eyes receiving an intravitreal injection of a 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant (DEX group), 0.

Combined epiretinal and internal limiting membrane retracting door flaps for large macular holes associated with epiretinal membranes.

Purpose: To assess the closure rate of large full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) associated with epiretinal membrane (ERM) with a combined epiretinal and internal limiting membrane retracting door flap.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients treated at a single tertiary retina practice between January 2017 and November 2019. Individuals with FTMH larger than 400 μm and co-diagnosis of ERM who underwent surgical repair with an ERM flap were included.

Vitrectomy for Symptomatic Asteroid Hyalosis.

Purpose: Acute vision loss may accompany complete or partial posterior vitreous separation in asteroid hyalosis (AH), and pars plana vitrectomy may resolve these symptoms.

Methods: Six individuals with AH and acute vision loss associated with diagnosed posterior vitreous separation were treated with pars plana vitrectomy, and visual acuity (VA) recovery was monitored for 3 months.

Results: The study patients' preoperative VA ranged from 20/25 to 20/2500 (mean, 20/150; logMAR, 0.

Paraneoplastic ocular sarcoidosis in the setting of recurrent rectal carcinoid tumor diagnosed by F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET CT.

Purpose: Nuclear medicine imaging can provide a noninvasive means of distinguishing inflammatory mass lesions from oncologic intraocular tumors.

Observation: We report a case of paraneoplastic ocular sarcoidosis with choroidal mass lesions that was initially concerning for choroidal metastasis of a primary carcinoid tumor. PET CT was utilized with two different tracers to characterize the choroidal mass as being FDG-avid, consistent with a sarcoid-like lesion, and lacking the Gallium (Ga-68) DOTATAE uptake of carcinoid tumor metastases.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Patients With Acute Syphilitic Posterior Placoid Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: Acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinopathy (ASPPC) is an uncommon and distinct manifestation of ocular syphilis necessitating immediate treatment. ASPPC is attributed to disruption of the choriocapillaris, retinal pigment epithelium, and photoreceptors. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can evaluate choriocapillaris vascular flow and may provide further information about ASPPC's disease process.

Current management strategies for atypical macular holes.

This review evaluates the current surgical management options for refractory and atypical macular holes (MH) and proposes a treatment paradigm for approaching complex cases. A review of literature was performed to deliver a thorough discussion of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of MH as well as the historic evolution of surgical management strategies. With this context established, an update on recent surgical advances for management of large, chronic, and highly myopic MH is provided.

Retinal nerve fiber layer changes based on historic CD4 nadir among HIV positive patients undergoing glaucoma evaluation.

Aim: To determine relationships between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and nadir CD4 cell count in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients evaluated for glaucoma suspicion.

Methods: Data were reviewed for 329 HIV positive patients evaluated for glaucoma suspicion. High-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL measurements were obtained at least 6mo apart.

Longitudinal Examination of Fellow-Eye Vascular Anomalies in Coats' Disease With Widefield Fluorescein Angiography: A Multicenter Study.

Background And Objective: Retinovascular anomalies in the fellow eyes of patients with Coats' disease have been described, but the clinical significance is unknown, as well as whether these lesions progress over time.

Patients And Methods: This is an international, multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study of fellow-eye abnormalities on widefield fluorescein angiography in patients with Coats' disease.

Results: Three hundred fifty eyes of 175 patients with Coats' disease were analyzed.

Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem (PROSE) Versus Standard of Care for Postsurgical Lagophthalmos and Exposure Keratopathy: Trends in Visual Outcomes.

Purpose: To compare baseline characteristics and visual acuity outcomes in patients treated with prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) versus other standard-of-care (SOC) treatments for postsurgical lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved, retrospective cohort study of 45 consecutive patients (53 eyes) with postsurgical lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy following oculoplastic or skull base surgeries treated between August 2011 and August 2017 was performed. Patients treated with PROSE (22 patients, 27 eyes) were identified by referrals made to the PROSE treatment program at Weill Cornell Medical College.

SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN MACULA-INVOLVING CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS.

Purpose: To evaluate the microstructural features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Subjects were patients with macula-involving CMV retinitis with OCT imaging. The leading edge of retinitis in the macula was identified based on fundus imaging, and OCT findings were longitudinally evaluated in three areas: within the area of active retinitis, at the leading edge of retinitis, and just beyond the leading edge of retinitis.

Community Participation in Health Disparity Intervention Research in Vietnamese American Community.

Background: A community-based participatory research (CBPR) project used a lay health worker (LHW) intervention to reduce colorectal cancer screening disparities in the Vietnamese American community.

Objectives: The study seeks to understand how the community participates in the CBPR project from the perspectives of diverse stakeholders.

Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 community leaders, community-based organization (CBO) representatives, LHW coordinators, and researchers.

A randomized clinical trial of tailored interventions for health promotion and recidivism reduction among homeless parolees: outcomes and cost analysis.

Objectives: This study conducted a randomized controlled trial with 600 recently released homeless men exiting California jails and prisons.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to primarily ascertain how different levels of intensity in peer coaching and nurse-partnered intervention programs may impact reentry outcomes; specifically: (a) an intensive peer coach and nurse case managed (PC-NCM) program; (b) an intermediate peer coaching (PC) program with brief nurse counseling; and (c) the usual care (UC) program involving limited peer coaching and brief nurse counseling. Secondary outcomes evaluated the operational cost of each program.

Peer Mentoring for Male Parolees: A CBPR Pilot Study.

Background: Formerly incarcerated adults are impoverished, have high rates of substance use disorders, and have long histories of imprisonment. This article describes the development of a peer mentoring program for formerly incarcerated adults and the pilot study designed to evaluate it. The research team, which included formerly incarcerated adults and academic researchers, developed the peer mentoring program to support formerly incarcerated adults' transition to the community after prison.

Nurses, formerly incarcerated adults, and Gadamer: phronesis and the Socratic dialectic.

This paper describes the first phase of an ongoing education and research project guided by three main intentions: (1) to create opportunities for phronesis in the classroom; (2) to develop new understandings about phronesis as it relates to nursing care generally and to caring for specific groups, like formerly incarcerated adults; and (3) to provide an opportunity for formerly incarcerated adults and graduate nursing students to participate in a dialectical conversation about ethical knowing. Gadamer's writings on practical philosophy, phronesis, and the Socratic dialectic provide the philosophical foundation and framework for the project. The first phase in the project was a 4-h class within a graduate-level health promotion course during which 30 nursing students and three formerly incarcerated panelists engaged in a dialectic conversation about what it means to care for formerly incarcerated adults in a meaningful way.

A novel optic nerve photograph alignment and subtraction technique for the detection of structural progression in glaucoma.

Purpose: To highlight changing features over time within a single static image through the auto-alignment and subtraction of serial optic nerve photographs.

Methods: Subtraction maps were generated from auto-aligned (EyeIC, Narbeth, PA) baseline and follow-up images using Adobe Photoshop software. They demonstrated progressive retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects, optic disc haemorrhage (DH), neuroretinal rim loss (RL) and peripapillary atrophy (PPA).

Correlates of risky alcohol and methamphetamine use among currently homeless male parolees.

Homeless men on parole are a hard-to-reach population with significant community reintegration challenges. This cross-sectional study describes sociodemographic, cognitive, psychosocial, and drug-related correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine use in 157 homeless male parolees (age range 18-60) enrolled in a substance abuse treatment center in Los Angeles, California. Logistic regression results revealed that being African American and older were negatively related to methamphetamine use, whereas being older and more hostile were related to riskier alcohol abuse.

Understanding correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among homeless recently paroled men.

This cross-sectional study assessed predictors of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) positivity with baseline data collected on recently released male parolees (N = 157) participating in a randomized trial focused on reduction of drug use, recidivism, and risk for hepatitis and HIV infections. In this sample, the prevalence of HCV was 25%. The logistic regression analysis revealed that being an injection drug user was significantly related to HCV infection.

Association of blood and ocular perfusion pressure with structural glaucomatous progression by flicker chronoscopy.

Background: Vascular risk factors have been associated with glaucomatous visual field progression.

Aim: We determined the relationship between vascular risk factors and structural glaucomatous progression using serial flicker chronoscopy images.

Methods: Two glaucoma fellowship-trained ophthalmologists, masked to temporal sequence, independently graded serial flicker chronoscopy images from one eye of a cohort of glaucoma patients for features of structural progression in this retrospective cohort study.

Correlates of serious violent crime for recently released parolees with a history of homelessness.

This study used baseline data on recently released paroled men who are homeless (N=157), residing in a residential drug treatment program, and enrolled in a longitudinal study to examine personal, developmental, and social correlates of parolees who are homeless and who have committed serious violent offenses. Having experienced childhood sexual abuse, poor parental relationships, and early-onset incarceration (prior to 21 years of age) were important correlates of serious violent crimes. These findings highlight the need for interventions that address offenders' prior adult and childhood victimization and suggest that policies for reentering violent offenders should encompass an understanding of the broader family contexts in which these patterns of maltreatment often occur.

Exploring the reliability and validity of the social-moral awareness test.

Background: The aim of the study was to explore the validity of the social-moral awareness test (SMAT) a measure designed for assessing socio-moral rule knowledge and reasoning in people with learning disabilities. Comparisons between Theory of Mind and socio-moral reasoning allowed the exploration of construct validity of the tool. Factor structure, reliability and discriminant validity were also assessed.

Hepatitis A/B vaccine completion among homeless adults with history of incarceration.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination rates for incarcerated adults remain low despite their high risk for infection. This study determined predictors of vaccine completion in homeless adults (N= 297) who reported histories of incarceration and who participated in one of three nurse-led hepatitis programs of different intensity. Moreover time since release from incarceration was also considered.

Nonviolent communication training and empathy in male parolees.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a behavioral intervention, nonviolent communication (NVC), on the development of empathic coping and communication skills in a sample of male parolees enrolled in substance abuse treatment (SAT; N = 30). At the end of the 8-week intervention, results revealed a significant increase (p = .01) in participants' empathy levels.