Enhancing Our Workforce: Recruitment and Retention in Anesthesiology.

Increasingly, both healthcare leaders and studies of healthcare outcomes recommend a medical workforce that is representative of the patient population as a method to reduce health disparities and medical costs. Anesthesiology remains a specialty with lower proportions of women and underrepresented in medicine (URiM) physicians as compared to the overall physician workforce, with 26.1% of anesthesiologists identifying as women and 31.

Burnout from Gender Inequity in a Pandemic.

Women represent approximately one-third of all anesthesiologists in the United States. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, research regarding gender bias in anesthesiology defined the scope of the problem. Unfortunately, the pandemic exposed and expanded the imbalances associated with gender, placing women anesthesiologists as both primary caregivers in the home and on the frontlines of health care.

A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey of Anesthesiology Fellowship Program Directors: Attitudes on Parental Leave in Residency and Fellowship Training.

Introduction: Little is known about the impact of parental leave on anesthesiology fellowship directors' perception of their fellows. In addition, use of parental leave during residency can result in "off-cycle" residents applying for a fellowship. This study sought to clarify fellowship directors' attitudes and beliefs on effects of parental leave on fellows and off-cycle fellowship applicants.

Gender Differences in Compensation in Anesthesiology in the United States: Results of a National Survey of Anesthesiologists.

Background: A gender-based compensation gap among physicians is well documented. Even after adjusting for age, experience, work hours, productivity, and academic rank, the gender gap remained and widened over the course of a physician's career. This study aimed to examine if a significant gender pay gap still existed for anesthesiologists in the United States.

Perioperative care of adults with Down syndrome: a narrative review.

Because of enhanced life expectancy due to medical and surgical therapeutic advances, it is estimated that there are more adults than children living with Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, in the United States. Therefore, DS can no longer be considered a syndrome limited to the pediatric population. These patients are presenting for surgery and anesthesia in adult care settings, where anesthesiologists will encounter these patients more frequently.

A cross-sectional survey study of United States residency program directors' perceptions of parental leave and pregnancy among anesthesiology trainees.

Purpose: Little is known about program directors' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding parental leave policies in anesthesiology training. This study sought to understand program director perceptions about the effects of pregnancy and parental leave on resident training, skills, and productivity.

Methods: An online 43-question survey was developed to evaluate United States anesthesiology program directors' perceptions of parental leave policies.

Representation of Female Faculty at US Medical Schools and Success in Obtaining National Institutes of Health Funding, 2008-2018.

This cross-sectional study assesses the representation and success of female faculty at US medical schools and their success in obtaining funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) between 2008 and 2018.

Transition to Practice in Anesthesiology: Survey Results of Practicing Anesthesiologists on Their Experience.

Study Objective: To assess the experiences and attitudes of practicing anesthesiologists on practice/business management training received during residency and transitioning to practice through an online survey.

Design: An online survey, consisting of 39 questions developed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Committee on Young Physicians, was emailed to 2 6551 practicing US anesthesiologists who were ASA members.

Measurements: Questions about individuals' demographic information, transition to practice (TTP) experiences, medical business training, and TTP curricula in residency were included.

Sepsis in the Operating Room: A Simulation Case for Perioperative Providers.

Introduction: Sepsis should be included in the differential of any patient with unexplained organ dysfunction, whether or not an obvious infection is initially detected. Perioperative providers frequently care for patients with sepsis. This simulation case challenges participants to recognize and manage a presentation of postoperative sepsis, providing an opportunity to discuss the rationale behind sepsis management during debriefing.

Regional anesthesia for vascular access surgery.

Background: Approximately 25% of initial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placements will fail as a result of thrombosis or failure to develop adequate vessel size and blood flow. Fistula maturation is impacted by patient characteristics and surgical technique, but both increased vein diameter and high fistula blood flow rates are the most important predictors of successful AVFs. Anesthetic techniques used in vascular access surgery (monitored anesthesia care, regional blocks, and general anesthesia) may affect these characteristics and fistula failure.

Experience of the school-aged child with tracheostomy.

Background: Little is known about the school experience of children with tracheostomy tubes. These children may represent a population that qualifies for special services in school. Understanding how tracheostomy affects school-aged children may provide information needed to develop programs that provide these children with invaluable experiences.

Regression of human kidney cancer following allogeneic stem cell transplantation is associated with recognition of an HERV-E antigen by T cells.

Transplanted donor lymphocytes infused during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have been shown to cure patients with hematological malignancies. However, less is known about the effects of HSCT on metastatic solid tumors. Thus, a better understanding of the immune cells and their target antigens that mediate tumor regression is urgently needed to develop more effective HSCT approaches for solid tumors.