Dimensionality and spreading influence MSC YAP/TAZ signaling in hydrogel environments.

Improved fundamental understanding of how cells interpret microenvironmental signals is integral to designing better biomaterial therapies. YAP/TAZ are key mediators of mechanosensitive signaling; however, it is not clear how they are regulated by the complex interplay of microenvironmental factors (e.g.

Gradually softening hydrogels for modeling hepatic stellate cell behavior during fibrosis regression.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) presents an evolving set of mechanical cues to resident cells. We developed methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) hydrogels containing both stable and hydrolytically degradable crosslinks to provide cells with a gradually softening (but not fully degradable) milieu, mimicking physiological events such as fibrosis regression. To demonstrate the utility of this cell culture system, we studied the phenotype of rat hepatic stellate cells, the major liver precursors of fibrogenic myofibroblasts, within this softening environment.

Viscoelastic properties of healthy achilles tendon are independent of isometric plantar flexion strength and cross-sectional area.

Changes in tendon viscoelastic properties are observed after injuries and during healing as a product of altered composition and structure. Continuous Shear Wave Elastography is a new technique measuring viscoelastic properties of soft tissues using external shear waves. Tendon has not been studied with this technique, therefore, the aims of this study were to establish the range of shear and viscosity moduli in healthy Achilles tendons, determine bilateral differences of these parameters and explore correlations of viscoelasticity to plantar flexion strength and tendon area.