How do malaria testing and treatment subsidies affect drug shop client expenditures? A cross-sectional analysis in Western Kenya.

Objectives: To examine how drug shop clients' expenditures are affected by subsidies for malaria diagnostic testing and for malaria treatment, and also to examine how expenditures vary by clients' malaria test result and by the number of medications they purchased.

Design: Secondary cross-sectional analysis of survey responses from a randomised controlled trial.

Setting: The study was conducted in twelve private drug shops in Western Kenya.

Cohort Profile: Perinatal depression and child socioemotional development ; the Bachpan cohort study from rural Pakistan.

Purpose: This is a prospective pregnancy-birth cohort designed to investigate the effects of depression on socioemotional development of children. Perinatal depression is a risk factor for poor child development and for many it has a recurring chronic course. Thus, the exposure to depression can continue through the early years of the child with detrimental developmental outcomes.

Do topical repellents divert mosquitoes within a community? Health equity implications of topical repellents as a mosquito bite prevention tool.

Objectives: Repellents do not kill mosquitoes--they simply reduce human-vector contact. Thus it is possible that individuals who do not use repellents but dwell close to repellent users experience more bites than otherwise. The objective of this study was to measure if diversion occurs from households that use repellents to those that do not use repellents.