Modified natural and optimized programmed frozen embryo transfers have equivalent live birth rates: an analysis of 6,682 cycles.

Objective: To compare the live birth rates (LBRs) in modified natural and programmed single blastocyst frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: University-affiliated fertility practice.

Breeding behaviour predicts patterns of natural hybridization in North American minnows (Cyprinidae).

Premating barriers such as variation in reproductive behaviour can evolve quickly, but because gametic and postzygotic incompatibilities often evolve more slowly, circumstances that bring gametes into contact can breach the boundaries of premating isolation. In aquatic environments, the gametes of organisms with external fertilization are released into a constantly moving environment and may come into contact with heterospecific gametes. In fishes, nest association (spawning in another species' nest) is a behaviour that brings gametes from different species into close spatiotemporal proximity.

Complications After Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy: Association With Screw Size and Concomitant Distalization.

Background: Tibial tuberosity osteotomy (TTO) is a versatile procedure commonly used to treat patellar instability as well as to unload cartilage lesions. TTO with concomitant distalization (TTO-d) may be performed in patients with patella alta to stabilize the patella by helping it to engage in the trochlea earlier during flexion.

Purpose: To identify and compare perioperative complications in patients who underwent TTO and those who underwent TTO-d and to analyze risk factors associated with these complications.

Complications of Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy.

It is important to understand potential complications of tibial tuberosity osteotomies (TTOs) and how to avoid them. TTO is associated with a 1% to 3% rate of tibial fracture and 1% rate of nonunion. Early weight-bearing and complete detachment of the distal tuberosity may increase these risks.