Effects of Upper Limb Exercise or Training on Hand Dexterity and Function in People With Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review investigated the effects of exercise and training on hand dexterity and function outcomes in people with Parkinson disease (PD).

Data Sources: We searched 5 databases (MEDLINE Ovid, CINAHL, PEDro, PubMed, Cochrane Database) from inception to October 2022.

Study Selection: Included studies were randomized controlled trials delivering upper limb exercise or training interventions to people with PD and evaluating 1 or more upper limb activity outcomes.

Construct validity of the 9-Hole Peg Test and Purdue Pegboard Test in people with mild to moderately severe Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the construct validity of two dexterity measures, the 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) and Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting: Testing was conducted at the university or in participants' homes.

Measuring Hand Dexterity in People With Parkinson's Disease: Reliability of Pegboard Tests.

Importance: Knowledge regarding the reliability of pegboard tests when used to measure dexterity in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently limited.

Objective: To examine the test-retest and interrater reliability of the 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) and Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) in people with PD.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

A palm-worn device to quantify rigidity in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinsonian rigidity is identified on clinical examination as resistance to passive movement. Measurement of rigidity commonly relies on ordinal rating scales (MDS-UPDRS), however instrumented objective measures may provide greater mechanistic insight.

New Method: We present a palm-worn instrument to objectively quantify rigidity on a continuous scale.

Objective evaluation of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease using an inexpensive marker-less motion tracking system.

Objective: Quantification of bradykinesia (slowness of movement) is crucial for the treatment and monitoring of Parkinson's disease. Subjective observational techniques are the de-facto 'gold standard', but such clinical rating scales suffer from poor sensitivity and inter-rater variability. Although various technologies have been developed for assessing bradykinesia in recent years, most still require considerable expertise and effort to operate.

Evaluation of measures of upper limb functioning and disability in people with Parkinson disease: a systematic review.

Objectives: To identify measurement tools used for upper limb evaluation in people with Parkinson disease (PD), to summarize the content of each tool using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and to examine the reliability, validity, clinical utility, and responsiveness of the measurement tools specific to this clinical group.

Data Sources: Two systematic searches of online databases included articles published from inception to November 2013.

Study Selection: Search 1 identified upper limb measures.

Upper-limb assessment in people with Parkinson disease: is it a priority for therapists, and which assessment tools are used?

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of physiotherapy and occupational therapy assessment of the upper limb (UL) in people with Parkinson disease (PD) and to identify the impairments and activity limitations assessed and the methods used.

Method: A custom-designed questionnaire was used to survey physiotherapists and occupational therapists with previous experience in managing people with PD, using targeted recruitment to invite physiotherapy conference attendees, clinicians employed in movement disorders programmes, and practitioners in neurology and gerontology to respond either on paper or online.

Results: Of the 190 respondents (122 physiotherapists, 68 occupational therapists), 54% reported consistently assessing the UL.

Skilled hand dexterity in Parkinson's disease: effects of adding a concurrent task.

Objective: To compare the performance of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and unimpaired participants on a timed dexterity task and to examine the effects of adding a secondary task.

Design: A repeated measures analysis of performance for the 2 groups under unitask and dual-task conditions.

Setting: All tests were conducted in a human movement laboratory.