Expression of Embryonic Stem Cell Markers in Microcystic Lymphatic Malformation.

To investigate the expression of embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers in microcystic lymphatic malformation (mLM). Cervicofacial mLM tissue samples from nine patients underwent 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for ESC markers octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4), homeobox protein NANOG, sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), Krupple-like factor (KLF4), and proto-oncogene c-MYC. Transcriptional activation of these ESC markers was investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and colorimetric hybridization (CISH) on four and five of these mLM tissue samples, respectively.

Patient satisfaction with topical ocular hypotensives.

Background: The aim of this study is to assess patient satisfaction, convenience of use, ease of administration, side effects and treatment burden of topical ocular hypotensives.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort.

Participants: Two thousand five hundred and forty-one patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Connexin43 mimetic peptide reduces vascular leak and retinal ganglion cell death following retinal ischaemia.

Connexin43 gap junction protein is expressed in astrocytes and the vascular endothelium in the central nervous system. It is upregulated following central nervous system injury and is recognized as playing an important role in modulating the extent of damage. Studies that have transiently blocked connexin43 in spinal cord injury and central nervous system epileptic models have reported neuronal rescue.

High pressure-induced retinal ischaemia reperfusion causes upregulation of gap junction protein connexin43 prior to retinal ganglion cell loss.

We aimed to characterise the spatial and temporal expression of connexin43 (Cx43) following retinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury and to evaluate its relationship to retinal glial response and subsequent retinal ganglion cell loss. Unilateral retinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury was induced by elevating intraocular pressure to 120mmHg for 60 min and then normalized in Wistar rats. Retinas (n=110) were evaluated at 4, 8, and 24h, and 7, 14, and 21 days in 4 groups: ischaemic, contralateral, sham operated, and uninjured eyes.