Empowering Parents to Protect Children during COVID-19 with Message Strategy Based on Efficacy, Threat Levels, and Channel Preferences.

A national survey ( = 500) was administered in March 2020 at the peak of COVID-19uncertainty to access parents' perceived abilities to protect children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the threat/efficacy matrix in Witte's (1992) extended parallel processing model (EPPM), parents' behavioral intentions to protect children from coronavirus and their perceived COVID-19 knowledge levels are examined based on their positions within the matrix. The results indicated that (1) there is a positive relationship between the perceived threat of COVID-19 to parents and to their children; (2) parents' behavioral intentions and knowledge levels varied depending on their perceived threat/efficacy levels; (3) perceived threat level was the bigger motivator to use channels for COVID-19 information.

Self-Efficacy and Other Considerations in Performance of Risk-Reducing Behaviors during a Major Disease Outbreak.

This study uses the construct of crisis self-efficacy to examine the importance of different considerations in individuals' decisions to perform recommended safeguarding behaviors during the 2016 Zika virus outbreak. A national survey in the U.S.

Perceived Knowledge as [Protective] Power: Parents' Protective Efficacy, Information-Seeking, and Scrutiny during COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents were issued numerous, sometimes changing, safeguarding directives including social distancing, mask use, hygiene, and stay-at-home orders. Enacting these behaviors for the parent presented challenges, but the responsibility for children to follow protocol properly was an even more daunting undertaking. Self-efficacy is one of the most power predictors of health behavior and has been adapted to a context-specific crisis self-efficacy scale conducted on March20, 2020, captures real-time perceptions of parents as coronavirus anxieties peaked.

Preventable Disease Practices Among a Lower SES, Multicultural, Nonurban, U.S. Community: The Roles of Vaccination Efficacy and Personal Constraints.

In spite of knowledge that early vaccination against contagious diseases such as swine flu reduces morbidity and contains contagion, rates of vaccination in the most recent three annual disease cycles were lower than anticipated. Some previous research suggests that lower socioeconomic status, mixed-racial population composition, and a nonurban environment may all contribute to lower vaccination rates. This study adopts the health belief model to create two composite indexes-vaccine efficacy and personal constraints-to analyze the role of each in predicting vaccination behavior/intention and to explore the role of each on behavior/intention in terms of information sources.

Public information officers' perceived control in building local public health agendas and the impact of community size.

Using data collected from 280 local public health information officers (PIOs) serving community sizes from rural to urban across the United States, this study examines issues of local autonomy or lack thereof in establishing local health agendas. It specifically addresses how size of community as well as state and federal agencies' agendas affect public health promotion at the local level. Findings reveal low levels of perceived local departmental control in building public health agendas among rural PIOs.

Public information officers' and journalists' perceived barriers to providing quality health information.

Given the increase in the volume of health and medical news over the past few years, the expanding population of journalists committed to feeding the public's voracious appetite for such information, and the important role of government public health organizations in producing and disseminating public health information, it is surprising that little research exists that explores the relationships among public health entities and health journalists. This article describes and analyzes similarities and differences in perceptions between journalists and information officers in public health agencies on a number of issues to reveal how public information officers and health journalists can work to build a local public health agenda free from the burden of unnecessary or inconsistent barriers. This study reports findings from a study with a 3-stage pretest and 90 interviews with state and local public health information officers and the health journalists who cover public health beats across the United States.

Breast health education for working women in Appalachia: insights from focus group research.

Background: This study seeks to understand rural working women, their knowledge of health systems, and how breast health issues fit into their lives. A key aim of this study was to identify regionally and culturally specific factors that influence how these women approach breast health and to identify ways that more positive breast health behaviors can be achieved.

Methods: Five focus groups (N = 42) were conducted among women at sites where the Breast Health Outreach Program (BHOP) had been conducted.