Diffuse myocardial fibrosis is uncommon in people with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death in people living with HIV. Myocardial fibrosis is well-described in HIV infection acquired in adulthood. We evaluate the burden of fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance in people with perinatal HIV infection.

Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis is Uncommon in People with Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death in people living with HIV. Myocardial fibrosis is well-described in HIV infection acquired in adulthood. We evaluate the burden of fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance in people with perinatal HIV infection.

Native T1 Mapping for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Myocardial fibrosis is a fundamental process in cardiac injury. Cardiac magnetic resonance native T1 mapping has been proposed for diagnosing myocardial fibrosis without the need for gadolinium contrast. However, recent studies suggest that T1 measurements can be erroneous in the presence of intramyocardial fat.

Society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance recommendations for training and competency of CMR technologists.

The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) recommendations for training and competency of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technologists document will define the knowledge, experiences and skills required for a technologist to be competent in CMR imaging. By providing a framework for CMR training and competency the overarching goal is to promote the performance of high-quality CMR and to foster the increased adoption of CMR into clinical care.

Assessment of Papillary Muscle Infarction with Dark-Blood Delayed Enhancement Cardiac MRI in Canines and Humans.

Background The relationship between papillary muscle infarction (papMI) and the culprit coronary lesion has not been fully investigated. Delayed enhancement cardiac MRI may detect papMI, yet its accuracy is unknown. Flow-independent dark-blood delayed enhancement (FIDDLE) cardiac MRI has been shown to improve the detection of myocardial infarction adjacent to blood pool.

Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2021 cases of SCMR and COVID-19 case collection series.

The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) is an international society focused on the research, education, and clinical application of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). "Cases of SCMR" is a case series hosted on the SCMR website ( https://www.scmr.

Double spectral attenuated inversion recovery (DSPAIR)-an efficient fat suppression technique for late gadolinium enhancement at 3 tesla.

Despite clinical use of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for two decades, an efficient, robust fat suppression (FS) technique still does not exist for this CMR mainstay. In ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, differentiating fibrotic tissue from infiltrating and adjacent fat is crucial. Multiple groups have independently developed an FS technique for LGE, double spectral attenuated inversion recovery (DSPAIR), but no comprehensive evaluation was performed.

Patients With Acute Myocarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination.

Importance: Vaccine-associated myocarditis is an unusual entity that has been described for the smallpox vaccine, but only anecdotal case reports have been described for other vaccines. Whether COVID-19 vaccination may be linked to the occurrence of myocarditis is unknown.

Objective: To describe a group of 7 patients with acute myocarditis over 3 months, 4 of whom had recent messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination.

Quality assurance of quantitative cardiac T1-mapping in multicenter clinical trials - A T1 phantom program from the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy registry (HCMR) study.

Background: Quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance T1-mapping is increasingly used for myocardial tissue characterization. However, the lack of standardization limits direct comparability between centers and wider roll-out for clinical use or trials.

Purpose: To develop a quality assurance (QA) program assuring standardized T1 measurements for clinical use.

ECG-gated MR angiography provides better reproducibility for standard aortic measurements.

Objective: Cardiac motion and aortic pulsatility can affect the image quality of 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA). The addition of ECG gating improves image quality; however, no studies have directly linked image quality improvements to clinically used measures. In this study, we directly compared diameter measurements in the same patient from ECG-gated to non-gated CE-MRA to evaluate the impact of ECG gating upon measurement reproducibility.

Comparison of magnetization transfer-preparation and T2-preparation for dark-blood delayed-enhancement imaging.

Recently developed dark-blood techniques such as Flow-Independent Dark-blood DeLayed Enhancement (FIDDLE) allow simultaneous visualization of tissue contrast-enhancement and blood-pool suppression. Critical to FIDDLE is the magnetization preparation, which accentuates differences between myocardium and blood-pool. Here, we compared magnetization transfer (MT)-preparation and T2-preparation for use with FIDDLE.

Prognostic Value of Vasodilator Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Multicenter Study With 48 000 Patient-Years of Follow-up.

Importance: Stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is not widely used in current clinical practice, and its ability to predict patient mortality is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether stress CMR is associated with patient mortality.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Real-world evidence from consecutive clinically ordered CMR examinations.

Dark-Blood Delayed Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance of Myocardial Infarction.

Objectives: This study introduced and validated a novel flow-independent delayed enhancement technique that shows hyperenhanced myocardium while simultaneously suppressing blood-pool signal.

Background: The diagnosis and assessment of myocardial infarction (MI) is crucial in determining clinical management and prognosis. Although delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (DE-CMR) is an in vivo reference standard for imaging MI, an important limitation is poor delineation between hyperenhanced myocardium and bright LV cavity blood-pool, which may cause many infarcts to become invisible.

Suppression of ghost artifacts arising from long T species in segmented inversion-recovery imaging.

Purpose: We demonstrate an improved segmented inversion-recovery sequence that suppresses ghost artifacts arising from tissues with long T ( > 1.5 s).

Theory And Methods: Long T species such as pericardial fluid can create bright ghost artifacts in segmented, inversion-recovery MRI because of oscillations in longitudinal magnetization between segments.

Relationship of T2-Weighted MRI Myocardial Hyperintensity and the Ischemic Area-At-Risk.

Rationale: After acute myocardial infarction (MI), delineating the area-at-risk (AAR) is crucial for measuring how much, if any, ischemic myocardium has been salvaged. T2-weighted MRI is promoted as an excellent method to delineate the AAR. However, the evidence supporting the validity of this method to measure the AAR is indirect, and it has never been validated with direct anatomic measurements.

Motion and flow insensitive adiabatic T2 -preparation module for cardiac MR imaging at 3 Tesla.

A versatile method for generating T2 -weighting is a T2 -preparation module, which has been used successfully for cardiac imaging at 1.5T. Although it has been applied at 3T, higher fields (B0 ≥ 3T) can degrade B0 and B1 homogeneity and result in nonuniform magnetization preparation.

Inhomogeneity-free heteronuclear iMQC.

Intermolecular dipolar interactions between proton and carbon spins can be used to indirectly detect carbon spectra with high sensitivity. In this communication, we present a modified sequence that, in addition to the high sensitivity of heteronuclear intermolecular multiple quantum coherence (iMQC) experiments, retains the line narrowing capability characteristic of homonuclear zero-quantum coherences. We demonstrate that this sequence can be used to obtain high resolution (13)C spectra in the presence of magnetic field inhomogeneities, both for thermal and hyperpolarized samples, and discuss applications to water-hyperpolarized carbon imaging.

Absolute temperature imaging using intermolecular multiple quantum MRI.

Purpose: A review of MRI temperature imaging methods based on intermolecular multiple quantum coherences (iMQCs) is presented. Temperature imaging based on iMQCs can provide absolute temperature maps that circumvent the artefacts that other proton frequency shift techniques suffer from such as distortions to the detected temperature due to susceptibility changes and magnetic field inhomogeneities. Thermometry based on iMQCs is promising in high-fat tissues such as the breast, since it relies on the fat signal as an internal reference.

Application of mixed spin iMQCs for temperature and chemical-selective imaging.

The development of accurate and non-invasive temperature imaging techniques has a wide variety of applications in fields such as medicine, chemistry and materials science. Accurate detection of temperature both in phantoms and in vivo can be obtained using iMQCs (intermolecular multiple quantum coherences), as demonstrated in a recent paper. This paper describes the underlying theory of iMQC temperature detection, as well as extensions of that work allowing not only for imaging of absolute temperature but also for imaging of analyte concentrations through chemically-selective spin density imaging.

Optimized, unequal pulse spacing in multiple echo sequences improves refocusing in magnetic resonance.

A recent quantum computing paper (G. S. Uhrig, Phys.

Increasing hyperpolarized spin lifetimes through true singlet eigenstates.

The sensitivity limitations for magnetic resonance imaging of organic molecules have recently been addressed by hyperpolarization methods, which prepare excess nuclear spin polarization. This approach can increase sensitivity by orders of magnitude, but the enhanced signal relaxes away in tens of seconds, even in favorable cases. Here we show theoretically that singlet states between strongly coupled spins in molecules can be used to store and retrieve population in very-long-lived disconnected eigenstates, as long as the coupling between the spins substantially exceeds both the couplings to other spins and the resonance frequency difference between them.

iDQC anisotropy map imaging for tumor tissue characterization in vivo.

Intermolecular double quantum coherences (iDQCs), signals that result from simultaneous transitions of two or more separated spins, are known to produce images that are highly sensitive to subvoxel structure, particularly local anisotropy. Here we demonstrate how iDQCs signal can be used to efficiently detect the anisotropy created in breast tumor tissues and prostate tumor tissues by targeted (LHRH-conjugated) superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs), thereby distinguishing the necrotic area from the surrounding tumor tissue.

Accurate temperature imaging based on intermolecular coherences in magnetic resonance.

Conventional magnetic resonance methods that provide interior temperature profiles, which find use in clinical applications such as hyperthermic therapy, can develop inaccuracies caused by the inherently inhomogeneous magnetic field within tissues or by probe dynamics, and work poorly in important applications such as fatty tissues. We present a magnetic resonance method that is suitable for imaging temperature in a wide range of environments. It uses the inherently sharp resonances of intermolecular zero-quantum coherences, in this case flipping up a water spin while flipping down a nearby fat spin.