Broad external validation of a multivariable risk prediction model for gastrointestinal malignancy in iron deficiency anaemia.

Background: Using two large datasets from Dorset, we previously reported an internally validated multivariable risk model for predicting the risk of GI malignancy in IDA-the IDIOM score. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to validate the IDIOM model using two independent external datasets.

Methods: The external validation datasets were collected, in a secondary care setting, by different investigators from cohorts in Oxford and Sheffield derived under different circumstances, comprising 1117 and 474 patients with confirmed IDA respectively.

The dedicated iron deficiency anaemia clinic: a 15-year experience.

Objective: To report our cumulative experience from a dedicated iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) clinic over the last 15 years-with particular emphasis on referral rate, uptake of investigation, impact on endoscopy services, diagnostic yield of gastrointestinal (GI) investigation and the issue of recurrent IDA.

Method: A series of analyses of a register of 2808 referrals to the Poole IDA clinic between 2004 and 2018.

Results: The study population of 2808 had a sex ratio of 1.

Interspecialty referral of oesophagogastric and pharyngolaryngeal cancers delays diagnosis and reduces patient survival: A matched case-control study.

Objectives: Pharyngolaryngeal and oesophagogastric cancers present with swallowing symptoms and as such, their clinical evaluation traverses boundaries between different specialties. We studied the incidence and significance of interspecialty cancer referrals (ICRs), that is, pharyngolaryngeal cancers first evaluated by gastroenterology and oesophagogastric cancers first evaluated by otolaryngology.

Design: A subset analysis of our Integrated Aerodigestive Partnership's audit dataset, of all ICR patients, and an equal number of controls matched for age, sex and cancer subsite.

Clinical risk factors for underlying gastrointestinal malignancy in iron deficiency anaemia: the IDIOM study.

Objective: Ten percent of adults presenting with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) have underlying cancer. This analysis - the ron eficiency as an ndicator f alignancy (IDIOM) study - was undertaken to assess whether five simple clinical parameters can usefully predict the likelihood of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy on subsequent investigation of patients with IDA.

Design: Retrospective observational study, with multivariable analysis of the predictive value of sex, age, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean red cell volume (MCV) and iron studies for the risk of underlying GI malignancy.

The development of a nurse-led iron deficiency anaemia service in a district general hospital.

Objective: To improve the quality of care provided to patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA).

Design: Service development.

Setting: District General Hospital.

Raised liver enzymes in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes are associated with weight and lipids, but not glycaemic control.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome, and can progress to chronic liver disease. We examined the incidence of elevated (>35 iu/l) alanine transaminase (ALT), as a surrogate marker for NAFLD, in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of ALT with metabolic parameters, in 606 consecutive patients presenting to district wide education sessions for newly diagnosed T2DM.

Do patients really mind mixed sex bays in an emergency assessment unit?

Mixed sex bays are a reality on most Emergency Assessment Units (EAU). However, they are controversial having recently been the focus of political and media attention. We adapted a validated patient satisfaction questionnaire to seek the views of 1000 emergency admissions regarding mixed sex accommodation.

Coexpression of neighboring genes in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Large-scale analyses of expression data of eukaryotic organisms are now becoming increasingly routine. The data sets are revealing interesting and novel patterns of genomic organization, which provide insight both into molecular evolution and how structure and function of a genome interrelate. Our study investigates, for the first time, how genome organization affects expression of a gene in the Arabidopsis genome.

Is the risk of adult coeliac disease causally related to cigarette exposure?

Objective: Previous studies have shown an association between cigarette smoking and coeliac disease, but it has yet to be established whether this relationship is causal. The aim of this study was to assess causality using the Bradford Hill criteria.

Methods: A matched case-control study using a questionnaire to establish a detailed smoking history for 138 incident cases of adult coeliac disease and 276 age-matched and sex-matched controls.

Natural selection promotes the conservation of linkage of co-expressed genes.

Although there is increasing evidence that eukaryotic gene order is not always random, there is no evidence that putatively favourable gene arrangements are preserved by selection more than expected by chance. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), for example, co-expressed genes tend to be linked, but whether such gene pairs tend to remain linked more often than expected under null neutral expectations is not known. We show using gene pairs in the S.

Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 by pancreatic stellate cells and its implications for matrix secretion and turnover in chronic pancreatitis.

Pancreatic stellate cells mediate fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-1 and -2 are crucial modulators of fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a key regulator of extracellular matrix production and myofibroblast proliferation.

Clustering of tissue-specific genes underlies much of the similarity in rates of protein evolution of linked genes.

Are genes nonrandomly distributed around the genome and might this explain why it was found that, in the mouse genome, proteins of linked genes evolve at similar rates? Anecdotal evidence suggests that the similarity of expression of linked genes might, in part, explain the similarity in their rates of evolution. Immune system genes, for example, are known to evolve at a high rate and sometimes cluster in the genome. Here we develop methods for statistical tests of similarity of expression of linked genes and report that there is a significant tendency for genes of similar expression breadth to be linked.