Resolved ALMA observations of water in the inner astronomical units of the HL Tau disk.

The water molecule is a key ingredient in the formation of planetary systems, with the water snowline being a favourable location for the growth of massive planetary cores. Here we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data of the ringed protoplanetary disk orbiting the young star HL Tauri that show centrally peaked, bright emission arising from three distinct transitions of the main water isotopologue ( ). The spatially and spectrally resolved water content probes gas in a thermal range down to the water sublimation temperature.

Synchronous timing of return to breeding sites in a long-distance migratory seabird with ocean-scale variation in migration schedules.

Background: Migratory birds generally have tightly scheduled annual cycles, in which delays can have carry-over effects on the timing of later events, ultimately impacting reproductive output. Whether temporal carry-over effects are more pronounced among migrations over larger distances, with tighter schedules, is a largely unexplored question.

Methods: We tracked individual Arctic Skuas Stercorarius parasiticus, a long-distance migratory seabird, from eight breeding populations between Greenland and Siberia using light-level geolocators.

Flight heights obtained from GPS versus altimeters influence estimates of collision risk with offshore wind turbines in Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus.

The risk posed by offshore wind farms to seabirds through collisions with turbine blades is greatly influenced by species-specific flight behaviour. Bird-borne telemetry devices may provide improved measurement of aspects of bird behaviour, notably individual and behaviour specific flight heights. However, use of data from devices that use the GPS or barometric altimeters in the gathering of flight height data is nevertheless constrained by a current lack of understanding of the error and calibration of these methods.

From natural disaster to pandemic: A health-system pharmacy rises to the challenge.

Purpose: This report describes a health-system pharmacy's response to a natural disaster while staff members simultaneously prepared for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. By detailing our experience, we hope to help other institutions that are current facing or could encounter similar crises.

Summary: In early March 2020, a tornado destroyed the health system's warehouse for storage of most clinical supplies, including personal protective equipment and fluids.

Angiotensin receptor autoantibodies as exposures that modify disease progression: Cross sectional, longitudinal and studies of prostate cancer.

Circulating angiotensin type I receptor (AT1R) agonistic autoantibodies (AT1RaAbs) that bind and chronically activate the receptor have been associated with a number of diseases suggesting that while the autoantibodies are not necessarily causative they may promote disease progression. The prostate has a local renin angiotensin system. The current study examines associations between AT1RaAbs and prostate cancer (PCA), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and AT1RaAb effects on PCA cell phenotype.

Structural Changes in Adsorbed Cytochrome c upon Applied Potential Characterized by Neutron Reflectometry.

The structural behavior of an electron-transfer protein, cytochrome c, at the 316L stainless steel electrode/aqueous interface was investigated over a range of applied potentials using neutron reflectometry supported by solution depletion isotherms, X-ray reflectometry, and quartz crystal microbalance measurements. A custom-made electrochemical cell allowed in situ observation of the adsorbed protein across a range of applied potentials; models fitted to the NR data showed a compact inner protein layer at the metal/electrolyte interface and a further thicker but highly diffuse layer that could be removed by rinsing. The overall amount adsorbed was found to be strongly dependent on the applied potential and buffer pH.

Quantifying avian avoidance of offshore wind turbines: Current evidence and key knowledge gaps.

The risk of collision between birds and turbines is seen as one of the key issues in the planning process for offshore wind farms. In some cases, predictions of collision risk have led to projects either being withdrawn from the planning process, or refused planning consent. Despite this, the evidence base on which collision risk is assessed is extremely limited and assessments rely on models which can be highly sensitive to assumptions, notably about bird collision avoidance behaviour.

Prostate Specific Antigen Testing after Radical Prostatectomy-Can We Stop at 20 Years?

Purpose: We examined the clinical features and outcomes associated with delayed biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy, specifically among men with more than 20 years of followup.

Materials And Methods: A total of 16,720 men underwent radical prostatectomy and 2,699 experienced biochemical recurrence. We determined predictors of delayed biochemical recurrence as well as metastasis-free and cancer specific survival rates for recurrence at various time points after radical prostatectomy.

Promoter methylation of MCAM, ERα and ERβ in serum of early stage prostate cancer patients.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Currently, the most common non-invasive approach for screening and risk assessment of PC is measuring the level of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, the sensitivity of PSA is 42.

Implementation of a Surgeon-Level Comparative Quality Performance Review to Improve Positive Surgical Margin Rates during Radical Prostatectomy.

Purpose: Success in the era of value-based payment will depend on the capacity of health systems to improve quality while controlling costs. Comparative quality performance review can be used to drive improvements in surgical outcomes and thereby reduce costs. We sought to determine the efficacy of a comparative quality performance review to improve a surgeon-level measure of surgical oncologic quality, that is the positive surgical margin rate at the time of radical prostatectomy.

New Prostate Cancer Grading System Predicts Long-term Survival Following Surgery for Gleason Score 8-10 Prostate Cancer.

Background: The newly proposed five-tiered prostate cancer grading system (PCGS) divides Gleason score (GS) 8-10 disease into GS 8 and GS 9-10 on the basis of biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP) as an outcome. However, BCR does not necessarily portend worse survival outcomes.

Objective: To assess the significance of distinguishing GS 8 versus 9-10 disease in terms of long-term survival outcomes for both the preoperative setting using biopsy (Bx) GS and the postoperative setting with RP GS.

The Impact of Downgrading from Biopsy Gleason 7 to Prostatectomy Gleason 6 on Biochemical Recurrence and Prostate Cancer Specific Mortality.

Purpose: Gleason score is one of the most important prognostic indicators for prostate cancer. Downgrading from biopsy Gleason score 7 to radical prostatectomy Gleason score 6 occurs commonly and yet to our knowledge the impact on survival outcomes is unknown. We examined biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer specific mortality risk in a large cohort evaluated by a single group of expert urological pathologists.

Advancing MCH Interdisciplinary/Interprofessional Leadership Training and Practice Through a Learning Collaborative.

Purpose The Interdisciplinary Leadership Learning Collaborative (ILLC), under the sponsorship of AUCD and the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, brought together six teams, composed of 14 MCHB and UCEDD training programs to enhance their leadership training. Description Using adult learning principles, interactive training methods, and skill-focused learning, the ILLC built upon the evidence-based Interdisciplinary Leadership Development Program of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The program began with a 4-day on-site intensive and then continued through monthly conference calls, a mid-term on-site workshop, and a summary virtual workshop to present programmatic accomplishments and share plans for sustainability.

Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of PTEN Loss in African-American and European-American Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.

Unlabelled: African-American (AA) men have a higher risk of lethal prostate cancer (PCa) compared to European-American (EA) men. However, the molecular basis of this difference, if any, remains unclear. In EA PCa, PTEN loss, but not ERG rearrangement, has been associated with poor outcomes in most studies.

Prediction of pathological stage based on clinical stage, serum prostate-specific antigen, and biopsy Gleason score: Partin Tables in the contemporary era.

Objective: To update the Partin Tables for prediction of pathological stage in the contemporary setting and examine trends in patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) over the past three decades.

Patients And Methods: From January 2010 to October 2015, 4459 men meeting inclusion criteria underwent RP and pelvic lymphadenectomy for histologically confirmed prostate cancer at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Preoperative clinical stage, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and biopsy Gleason score (i.

Interaction of TWEAK with Fn14 leads to the progression of fibrotic liver disease by directly modulating hepatic stellate cell proliferation.

Tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) have been associated with liver regeneration in vivo. To further investigate the role of this pathway we examined their expression in human fibrotic liver disease and the effect of pathway deficiency in a murine model of liver fibrosis. The expression of Fn14 and TWEAK in normal and diseased human and mouse liver tissue and primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were investigated by qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Clinical Validation of the 2005 ISUP Gleason Grading System in a Cohort of Intermediate and High Risk Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.

In 2005, the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) introduced several modifications to the original Gleason system that were intended to enhance the prognostic power of Gleason score (GS). The objective of this study was to clinically validate the 2005 ISUP Gleason grading system for its ability to detect metastasis. We queried our institutional RP database for men with NCCN clinically localized intermediate to high-risk disease undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) between 1992 and 2010 with no additional treatment until the time of metastatic progression.

Prostate Health Index (PHI) Predicts High-stage Pathology in African American Men.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and adverse pathology in a cohort of African American (AA) men undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Materials And Methods: Eighty AA men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 2-10 ng/mL underwent measurement of PSA, free PSA (fPSA), and p2PSA prior to radical prostatectomy. PHI was calculated as [(p2PSA/fPSA) × (PSA)(½)].

A Neutron Diffraction Study of the Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor Electrolyte Tetrapropylammonium Bromide in Acetonitrile.

Neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution has been used to characterize the bulk liquid structure of the technologically relevant electrolyte solution, 1 M tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPA Br) in acetonitrile (acn), and of pure deuterated acetonitrile. Empirical potential structure refinement modeling procedures have been used to extract detailed structural information about solvent-solvent, solvent-ion, and ion-ion correlations. Analysis of the refined data shows the expected local dipolar conformation of acn in the pure solvent.

Evaluation of two mitochondrial DNA biomarkers for prostate cancer detection.

Background: A 3.4kb deletion (3.4kbΔ ) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) found in histologically normal prostate biopsy specimens has been reported to be a biomarker for the increased probability of prostate cancer.

Quantitative assessment of the cell surface proteome to identify novel therapeutic targets in cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma has a high mortality and morbidity. Median survival is less than 6 months. Surgical resection is appropriate in certain circumstances.

Tissue-based Genomics Augments Post-prostatectomy Risk Stratification in a Natural History Cohort of Intermediate- and High-Risk Men.

Background: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a primary treatment option for men with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. Although many are effectively cured with local therapy alone, these men are by definition at higher risk of adverse pathologic features and clinical disease recurrence. It has been shown that the Decipher test predicts metastatic progression in cohorts that received adjuvant and salvage therapy following RP.

Utility of Risk Models in Decision Making After Radical Prostatectomy: Lessons from a Natural History Cohort of Intermediate- and High-Risk Men.

Background: Current guidelines suggest adjuvant radiation therapy for men with adverse pathologic features (APFs) at radical prostatectomy (RP). We examine at-risk men treated only with RP until the time of metastasis.

Objective: To evaluate whether clinicopathologic risk models can help guide postoperative therapeutic decision making.