PERCEPTION OF HARASSMENT AMONG FEMALE SURGEONS.

Introduction: the attraction of women by Surgery has always existed. Although Surgery has been considered a specialty for men, several women chose it, despite gender bias issues that have persisted over many years. Several obstacles have impacted the practice of women surgeons, leading them to abandon the profession, while others, perhaps bearers of a stronger spirit, managed to overcome them, and won.

Sentinel Lymph Node Navigation Surgery for Early Gastric Cancer: Is It a Safe Procedure in Countries with Non-Endemic Gastric Cancer Levels? A Preliminary Experience.

Purpose: Early diagnosis of gastric cancer is still the exception in Western countries. In the East, as in Japan and Korea, this disease is an endemic disorder. More conservative surgical procedures are frequently performed in early gastric cancer cases in these countries where sentinel lymph node navigation surgery is becoming a safe option for some patients.

Are 2 Years Enough? Exploring Technical Skills Acquisition Among General Surgery Residents in Brazil.

Unlabelled: Phenomenon: Recent studies have shown that up to 40% of the General Surgery (GS) residents are not confident with their surgical skills. There is concern that residents are at risk of receiving inadequate training due to the low number of operations they perform. In Brazil, although all GS residents receive by law the Board Certification at the end of their programs, the assessment of their technical skills is not mandatory in Medical Residency programs' training.

Construction and validation of a surgical skills assessment tool for general surgery residency program.

Objective: To develop and validate an instrument for measuring the acquisition of technical skills in conducting operations of increasing difficulty for use in General Surgery Residency (GSR) programs.

Methods: we built a surgical skills assessment tool containing 11 operations in increasing levels of difficulty. For instrument validation we used the face validity method.

Lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.

Objective: to evaluate the incidence of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer, identifying risk factors for its development.

Methods: we conducted a prospective study of patients with gastric cancer admitted to the Section of the Esophago-Gastric Surgery of the Surgery of Service HUCFF-UFRJ, from January 2006 to May 2012.

Results: the rate of early gastric cancer was 16.

[Assessment of preceptorship in general surgery residency in the operating room, comparison between a teaching hospital and a non teaching hospital].

Background: Medical residency is well known as the best training method after graduation. It is a moment when, in addition to receiving technical guidance, residents should also develop attitudes, ethics, and professionalism. In order for that to occur, preceptors should be prepared for their task.

Minor gastric resections with modified lymphadenectomy in early gastric cancer with negative sentinel node.

Objective: To study the sentinel lymph node in early gastric cancer as a diagnostic method of unsuspected lymph node metastasis, which may allow the performance, in those with negative lymph nodes, of smaller gastric resections with limited lymphadenectomy.

Methods: We studied seven patients with early gastric cancer treated at the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, from September 2008 to May 2011, who underwent sentinel lymph node exams, performed by intraoperative peritumoral endoscopic injection of patent blue dye.

Results: We found an average of three sentinel nodes per patient.

[Super specialization in general surgery--a problem or the solution?].

Nowadays, general surgery is considered as a tiring and uninteresting specialty. It is believed that the advent of new technologies, the internet, videosurgery, robotics, telemedicine, specialization and the indifference of recently graduated for the general surgery may be factors that had contributed to this change. In this article the changes of general surgery practice in Brazil, in the world an their consequences in the general surgeon professional development are being discussed.

Characterization of Leishmania infantum species in dogs from the urban area of Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis presents urban behavior in some Brazilian cities, with domestic dogs as the main infection source. In Cuiabá, MT, canine visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed and characterized as recommended by the Ministry of Health.

Methods: Biological samples from suspected canine carriers were analyzed by the isoenzyme electrophoresis technique.

[Canine tegumentar leishmaníasis in the town of Balneário Camboriú in the State of Santa Catarina].

Introduction: The increase in American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) cases in 2005 was due to an outbreak that occurred in the towns of Itapema and Balneário Camboriú. This study aimed to determine the possible presence of infection by Leishmania sp in domestic dogs living in an endemic focus of ATL in the town of Balneário Camboriú and verify the existence of a correlation between the humoral and cellular immune responses, the presence of suggestive lesions and positivity in direct parasitological exams.

Methods: A total of 275 dogs were evaluated, examined according to clinic aspects, the development of delayed hypersensitivity to Immunoleish antigens and serological responses to the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and immunoenzymatic assay.

[Learning curve and iatrogenic injuries in laparoscopic cholecystectomies].

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze surgeon's proficiency, based on the different aspects of his learning curve as a risk factor for iatrogenic biliary tract injuries associated with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Methods: a retrospective study was conducted using the report information from charts of patients January 1992 through December 2007; at Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Analysis from data collected from charts of 2285 patients who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomies.

[Women and surgeons].

The authors present the current view of the women in Surgery since the end of the XIX century until now. They discuss the difficulties they face when they choose Surgery as a career and the progress now achieved.

General surgery residency in Brasil - very far from real practice.

The author presents the Residency in General Surgery in Brazil from its inception, outlining its changes up to the present day. She discusses her doubts and thoughts about the best model for General Surgery residency programs and the declining demand for General Surgery as a career and the causes for such decline.

[Prevalence of canine infection from endemic areas of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Paracambi District, Rio de Janeiro State, between 1992 and 1993].

In the district of Paracambi, State of Rio de Janeiro an epidemiological survey for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in canine population was carried out in endemic localities. A total of 179 dogs was registered and 138 (77.1%) examined for their clinical aspects, development of delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) with Imunoleish(R) antigen and serological responses by indirect immunofluorescent reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.